Question

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23. Read the source given below and answer the questions.
Source A
Print created the possibility of wide circulation of ideas, and introduced a new world of
debate and discussion. Even those who disagreed with established authorities could now
print and circulate their ideas. Through the printed message, they could persuade people
to think differently, and move them to action. This had significance in different spheres of
life.
Source B
Not everyone welcomed the printed book, and those who did also had fears about it.
Many iwere apprehensive of the effects that the easier access to the printed word and the
wider circulation of books, could have on people's minds. It was feared that if there was
no control over what was printed and read then rebellious and irreligious thoughts might
spread. If that happened the authority of valuable' literature would be destroyed.
Expressed by religious authorities and monarchs, as well as many writers and artists, this
anxiety was the basis of wide spread criticism of the new printed literature that had begun
to circulate.
Source C
Let us consider the implication of this in one sphere of life in early modern Europe -
namely, religion. In 1517, the religious reformer Martin Luther wrote Ninety Five Theses
criticising many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. A printed copy
of this was posted on a church door in Wittenberg. It challenged the Church to debate his
ideas. Luther's writings were immediately re produced in vast numbers and read widely.
This lead to a division within the Church, leading to the formation of the Protestant
Reformation. Luther's translation of the New Testament sold 5,000copies within a few
weeks and a second edition appeared within three months. Deeply grateful to print,
Luther said, 'Printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one.' Several scholars, in
fact, think that print brought about a new intellectual atmosphere and helped spread the
new ideas that led to the Reformation.
23.A. Access of books created a new culture and ideas. Evaluate this statement.
23 B. Why did religious authorities criticize the Print culture?
23 C. How did print encourage heretical ideas?
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