Question

Ye class 12 th ki haloalkane and haloarene chp ki hain
Method of preparation of haloalkane
From alcohol.
R-oh + two dot x minus goes to R-x plus oh 4 dot minus
Ab mujhe yaha halogen por jo two dot lagi hain aur oxygen par 6 dot yahi samajh nahi aa rahi hain
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Answer 1

Answer:

Usually we represent halogen ion with a negative charge on top of it. X(-) is generated by the dissociation of HX(say). H loses its electron and X gains it- means that X has one extra electron which is not of its own. So it's Charge/Formal charge is represented by a negative sign.

OH(-) is also represented without the lone pairs in most cases. However here it indicates the lone pairs of oxygen atom(non bonded electrons). The lone pair of X(-) can be said as the pair of electrons used by X to bond with R(+). It is not necessary to represent the electrons unless required.

Hope you understand.