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1⃣DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IONISATION ENERGY AND ELECTRON GAIN ENTHALPY…......

Answer 1

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$\small{Ionization Energy}$

⇒ is the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from the valence shell of an atom in its gaseous sate..

⇒ the energy required to remove first electron from the outermost orbit or shell of a neutral gaseous atom of the element is first ionization energy (I₁)

⇒ the energy required to remove an electron from uni- positive ion of the element is second ionization energy (I₂)

$\hugeboxed{I₁ < I₂}$

⇒ as we go down in a group, atomic radius increases, hence the ionization energy decreases from top to bottom

⇒ it is expressed in KJ mol⁻¹

⇒ it depends on nuclear charge, screening effect or sheilding effect, penetration power of the orbitals, stable configuration and atomic radius

⇒ it is also called the ionization potential but when we used the term ionization potential, it is better to write the unit eV atom⁻¹ ...

$\small{ElectronAffinity- ElectronGainEnthalpy}$

⇒ the electron affinity of an element is defined as the energy liberated when an electron is added to its neutral gaseous atom.

⇒ it is also called electron gain enthalpy

M + e⁻ ------> M⁻ + E₁ (M= element, E₁ = First electron affinity)

M⁻ + e⁻ -----> M⁻² + E₂     (E₂ = second electron affinity)

⇒ the energy liberated when an electron is added to a uni-negative ion of the element is called second electron afffinity of that element

⇒ electron gain enthalpy values decrease as we go down in a group, but increase along a period from left to right.

⇒ all the factors which influence ionization energy would also influence the electron gain enthalpy

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Answer 2

Electron Affinity- It the measure of how easily can an electron be added to a gaseous atom. It is numerically equal to the negative of electron gain enthalpy.

Ionization Energy- It is the energy required to remove an electron from a mole of gaseous atom. In this case the energy is fed to the system to release an electron from its shell. The higher the ionization energy more difficult is to remove an electron. It is also an indicator of reactivity.

Electron Gain Enthalpy- It is the enthalpy change which takes place when an isolated gas atom accepts electron to form a monovalent gaseous anion. Example

    X(g) + electron ---------->X-(g)
Enthalpy is the amount of heat content used or released by the system.


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