Environmental Sciences, asked by aditya237092, 1 year ago

yes no type questions of greenhouse effect and global warming?​

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Answered by aabc2
2

Answer:

The greenhouse effect

How does the greenhouse effect work?

The greenhouse effect is a natural process. Sunlight passes through the atmosphere, warming the Earth’s surface. In turn, the land and oceans release heat, or infrared radiation, into the atmosphere, balancing the incoming energy. Water vapour, carbon dioxide and some other naturally occurring gases can absorb part of this radiation, allowing it to warm the lower atmosphere.

This absorption of heat, which keeps the surface of our planet warm enough to sustain us, is called the greenhouse effect. Without heat-trapping greenhouse gases, average global surface temperature would be -18°C rather than the current average of 15°C.

What is the enhanced greenhouse effect?

Since the industrial revolution and expansion of agriculture around 200 years ago, we have been raising the concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the global atmosphere. Levels of other greenhouse gases have also increased because of human activities.

Higher concentrations of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere will lead to increased trapping of infrared radiation. The lower atmosphere is likely to warm, changing weather and climate.

Thus, the enhanced greenhouse effect is additional to the natural greenhouse effect and is due to human activity changing the make-up of the atmosphere. (The enhanced greenhouse effect is often referred to as global warming.)

What’s the difference between the enhanced greenhouse effect and ozone depletion?

Ozone depletion is a different environmental problem from the enhanced greenhouse effect. However, ozone depletion is also caused by changes to the atmosphere caused by humans.

Ozone depletion has been happening since the late 1970s. It is caused by CFCs and halons, industrially produced chemicals used in the past for refrigeration, plastic making and fire fighting. Once in the atmosphere, these chemicals destroy ozone in the stratosphere, 20 to 30 kilometres above the ground. This is the ozone layer, which stops much of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation reaching us.

Damage to the ozone layer means that over much of the planet, more ultraviolet radiation reaches the ground than in the past.

Both the greenhouse effect and ozone depletion are due to chemicals released into the air by people’s activities. Another similarity is that CFCs are ozone destroyers and greenhouse gases.

In a curious turn of events, the warming effect of CFCs is offset by the fact that they destroy ozone, also a greenhouse gas, in the lower stratosphere.

Is greenhouse just a theory?

What’s happening to Antarctica?

Overall, Antarctica is not warming significantly. Only the Antarctic Peninsula is warming throughout the year at a rate that statisticians call ‘significant’.

Ice shelves, such as those in the Antarctic Peninsula, float and will not change sea level if they disintegrate or melt. (You can check this by adding an ice block to water in a glass. Mark the height of the water on the glass and then see what happens to the height after the ice melts.)

Global warming may even lead to increased precipitation over Antarctica, which would lock water away in the ice caps. This may offset some of the sea-level rise caused by thermal expansion of water.

International agreements

Are there any moves to limit global warming?

Australia is a signatory to and has ratified the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which is now international law. The objective of this Convention is to stabilise concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at a level that would ‘prevent dangerous human interference’ with global climate.

Australia has also signed (but will not ratify) the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which would become international law if sufficient countries ratify it (see http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/international/kyoto/index.html). The Kyoto Protocol would bind many developed nations to greenhouse gas emission targets. The Protocol aims to cut emissions from developed countries by about 5% from 1990 levels by the year 2012.

However, the Kyoto Protocol target will not lead to stabilisation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The target represents only the first step towards meeting the objectives of the Framework Convention on Climate Change and no! The way in which greenhouse gases affect climate is based on observations and scientific interpretations, as is the evidence that human activities have increased concentrations of greenhouse gases.

The way in which these increases will affect our future climate is, and can only be, the result of theoretical calculations.

However, there is unequivocal evidence that greenhouse gases are increasing in the atmosphere. Since the industrial revolution the level of carbon dioxide alone has risen from approximately 280 ppm (parts per million) to approximately 360 ppm. This will have an effect on the world's climate. What is not clear is the exact magnitude of that effect.

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Answered by jainmayank81
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