You can tell more information about jacobin clubs
Answers
★ Jacobin Club
- The Jacobin Club, also known as the Friends of Constitutionalism or the Friends of Freedom and Equality, is the most famous political group in the French Revolution . Its predecessor was the Brittany Club during the three-level conference.
- Name
The official name is the Friends of Constitutional Government (1789 ～ 1792) or Jacobin ’s Friends of Freedom and Equality (1792 ～ 1794).
★ Brief history
- Origin
The most famous political group in the French Revolution , which was later inseparable from extreme egalitarianism and violence, led the revolutionary government from mid-1793 to mid-1794. The Jacobins originated from the Brittany Club in Versailles. Brittany ’s representatives at the 1789 third-level meeting met with representatives from other parts of France to discuss plans for action.
- Development
After the National Assembly moved to Paris around December 1789, it was renamed the Friends of Constitutional Government, but it is still commonly known as the Jacobin Club. Paris is called the monk Jacobin. The purpose of the club is to protect the revolutionary achievements from possible noble reaction.
In July 1790, there were approximately 1,200 members in the Paris Club and 152 club branches. In July 1791, Louis XVI attempted to escape from France, and the Jacobin club split on the execution of Louis XVI. Many moderate representatives leave to participate in opposition Feuillant (The Feuillants).
- Peak
Robespierre is one of the few remaining representatives, he has achieved a prominent position in the club. After the overthrow of the monarchy in August 1792, the club entered a new stage and became one of the main groups leading the Revolution. In September, the Republic announced its establishment, the club was renamed Jacobin ’s Friends of Freedom and Equality, and accepted the representatives of the left-wing mountain school of the National Assembly. Because it supports the demands of the Parisian workers and artisans, it is more democratic and more mass . In the early days of the National Assembly, the club was a meeting place for mountain factions, advocating the execution of the king (1793.1) and the overthrow of the moderate Girondist (1793.6).
- Weak
Beginning in the summer of 1793, with the establishment of the revolutionary dictatorship, the local Jacobin club became a tool of terror. The club becomes part of the government's administrative agency, whose responsibilities are: raising military supplies and managing local markets. Local government officials are often replaced by club members. As a center of public virtue, the club is engaged in monitoring people with suspicious speech, leading non-Christian movements, and organizing revolutionary festival celebrations. The club in Paris and Robesbill have become increasingly close, and Robesbill dominated the revolutionary government because of his position in the National Salvation Committee (i.e. the Public Security Committee).
After the fall of Robesbill on the hot month 9 (1794.7.27) in the Republic of 2 years, the Paris Club has become a symbol of dictatorship and terror and was temporarily closed. Later, it was reopened as the center of the hot month government opposition, and it will be closed forever from the 21st of May (1794.11.11). The term Jacobin is also used to refer to radicals in Britain and other countries during the French Revolution.