You decided to bunk school and go to an early morning movie show. In the cinema hall, you were spotted by a relative who promptly informed your parents. Write what happened that day, describe your feelings and what punishment did your parents give you.
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A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a predicate. It contains a verb and sometimes other components too. So, how do we distinguish what is a clause and how exactly is it different from a phrase?
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A clause is a group of related words containing a subject and a verb. A clause is a larger word group than a phrase and includes a litde more information.
Types of Clauses
There are two types of clauses
1. Independent Clause (Main/Principal Clause)
❀ Independent clause is the main/principal clause in a sentence. It can stand alone and can be called a sentence. It does not start with subordinate words such as when, which or if.
The main properties of an independent clause are.
➣ It contains a subject.
➣ It contains an action.
➣ It expresses a complete thought, e.g.
- Let’s start the play.
(Here ‘play’ is the subject and ‘Let’s start’ is the action.)
- The mobile is defective.
(Here ‘mobile’ is the subject and ‘is defective’ is the action.)
- I will tell her about the paper pattern.
(Here T is the subject and ‘will tell her about the paper pattern’ is the action.)
2. Dependent Clause (Subordinate Clause)
❀ A dependent clause is a subordinate clause, it starts with subordinate words. It cannot stand alone as a sentence and is labelled according to its function in the sentence.
Dependent clauses are further divided into three kinds
(i) Noun Clause
Noun Clauses function as nouns in relation to the main clause, e.g.
➣ I believe that he knows the secret.
➣ Listen to what the teacher says.
➣ I do not know why he is angry.
➣ What you said is true.
(ii) Relative Clause
Relative clauses are dependent clauses introduced by a relative pronoun (that, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose and of which). Relative clauses add extra information to a sentence by defining a noun. Relative clauses are also called adjective clauses. The introductory words used for various categories of nouns are
- For people – who, whose or what
- For things – which or that
- For places – where
- For times – when
- For possession – whose
e.g.
- Rohan visited the office where his mother works.
(where his mother works is a relative clause. It contains the relative adverb where, the subject mother, and the verb works. The clause modifies the noun office.)
- We’re going to see a band whose lead singer is a friend of ours.
(whose lead singer is a friend of ours is a relative clause. It contains the relative pronoun whose, the subject singer, and the verb is. The clause modifies the noun band.)
- The university where my brother goes to school is in Canada.
(where my brother goes to school is a relative clause. It contains the relative adverb where, the subject brother, and the verb goes. The clause modifies the noun university.)
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