You have been provided with two unknown clear liquids that need to be identified. Write a plan using COMPLETE SENTENCES that you could determine the identity of each liquid. Use the Documents as a resource to guide in your investigation and explanation. Be sure to mention in your response when you have used a Document to support your answer.
Describe the difference between physical and chemical properties and provide an example of each one, using the documents. (4 pts)
Mathematically determine the Density of each liquid. SHOW ALL WORK OR NO CREDIT, and write your final answer with units into Document A. (4 pts)
Refer to Document B for a list of lab supplies you have been provided. Describe at least two tests you could perform for each liquid to aid in determining their identities. Be specific with which lab equipment needs to be used for each test and account for lab safety procedures as well. (4 pts)
Based upon the results of your tests from letter c, identify the unknown liquids and support your answer. (4 pts)
Answers
Answer:
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Suppose you have a glass of an unknown liquid that you want to
identify. It looks like milk, but you cannot be sure. How could you
determine what it is? Of course, you would not taste an unknown
substance, but there are many properties other than taste that you
could use to identify the substance safely.
To proceed scientifically, you could measure several properties of
the unknown liquid and compare them with the properties of known
substances. You might observe and measure such properties as color,
odor, texture, density, boiling point, and freezing point. A few of these
properties might be enough to tell you that your white liquid is glue
rather than milk.
To determine the difference among several colorless liquids, scientists would use additional tests. Their tests, however, would rely on the
same idea of measuring and comparing the properties of an unknown
with something that is already known. Heating Properties Substances respond to heating in different ways.
Some warm up very quickly, and others take a long while to increase
in temperature. This property is important in selecting materials for
different uses. Aluminum and iron are good materials for making pots
and pans because they conduct heat well. Various materials used in
household insulation are poor heat conductors. Therefore, these insulators are used to keep warm air inside a home on a cold day. You can
measure the rate at which a substance conducts heat and compare that
rate with the heat conduction rates of other substances.
Solubility Solubility is a measure of how much of a substance dissolves
in a given volume of a liquid. Sugar and dirt, for instance, have very
different solubilities in water. If you put a spoonful of sugar into a cup
of water and stir, the sugar dissolves in the water very rapidly. If you
put a spoonful of dirt into water and stir, most of the dirt settles to
the bottom as soon as you stop stirring.
Electric Properties Some substances conduct electricity better than
others. This means that they allow electric charge to move through
them easily. Copper wire is used to carry electricity because it is a
good conductor. Materials that do not conduct easily, such as rubber
and plastics, are used to block the flow of charge. With the proper
equipment, scientists can test the electric conductivity
of an unknown substance.
Magnetic Properties Some substances are attracted
to magnets, but others are not. You can use a magnet
to pick up a paper clip but not a plastic button or a Some mixtures are more difficult to separate than
others. For example, if you stir sugar into water, the
sugar dissolves and breaks up into individual molecules
that are too tiny to filter out. In this case, you can take
advantage of the fact that water is a liquid and will
evaporate from an open dish. Sugar, however, does not
evaporate. The mixture can be heated to speed the
evaporation of the water, leaving the sugar behind.
There are many important reasons for separating
substances. One reason is to make a substance safe to
consume, such as drinking water. In order to produce The process in water-treatment plants generally includes
these steps:
• First, a chemical is added to the water that causes the larger
particles to stick together. They settle to the bottom of the water,
where they can be removed.
• Next, the water is run through a series of special molecular filters.
Each filter removes smaller particles than the one before.
• Finally, another chemical, chlorine, is added to disinfect the
water and make it safe to drink.
Water-treatment plants use the properties of the substances found in
water to produce the clean water that flows from your tap
drinking water, workers at a water-treatment plant must
separate many of the substances that are mixed in with
the water
wooden match. The elements iron, cobalt, and nickel
are magnetic—meaning they respond to magnets—
but copper, aluminum, and zinc are not. Steel, which
contains iron, is also magnetic.
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