You have read in this chapter that the 42nd ammendment was one of the most
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The 42nd amendment to Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Forty-second amendment) Act, 1976, was enacted during the Emergency (25 June 1975 – 21 March 1977) by the Indian National Congress
government headed by Indira Gandhi.[1] Most provisions of the amendment came into effect on 3 January 1977, others were enforced from 1 February and Section 27 came into force on 1 April 1977. The 42nd Amendment is regarded as the most controversial constitutional amendment in Indian history. It attempted to reduce the power of the Supreme Court and High Courts to pronounce upon the constitutional validity of laws. It laid down the Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens to the nation. This amendment brought about the most widespread changes to the Constitution in its history, and is sometimes called a "mini-Constitution" or the "Constitution of Indira".[2]
The Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976
An Act further to amend the Constitution of India.
Citation
42nd Amendment
Territorial extent
India
Enacted by
Lok Sabha
Date passed
2 November 1975
Enacted by
Rajya Sabha
Date passed
11 November 1976
Date assented to
18 December 1976
Date commenced
3 January 1977
Legislative history
Bill introduced in the Lok Sabha
The Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Bill, 1976
Bill published on
1 September 1976
Introduced by
H. R. Gokhale
Bill introduced in the Rajya Sabha
Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Bill, 1976
Bill published on
4 November 1976
Repealing legislation
43rd and 44th Amendments
Summary
Provides for curtailment of fundamental rights, imposes fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of the constitution by making India a "Socialist Secular" Republic.