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Explaining how the Mauryan empire was founded and why did chandragupta marry princess Helena
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Chandrgupta Maurya became an emperor of Magadh in 313 B.C. After that he conquered almost entire India from Mysore and Tamil nadu in South to Kashmir and Punjab in north. He conquered current Nepal and Bhutan too. In 305 B.C. Seleucos Nikator also attacked Punjab in India after conquering Babylon and Persia etc. He was confronted by Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. They already had another war before to gain control of Indus Valley.
Seleucos Nikator was defeated and had to make treaty with Chandragupta Maurya. As part of the treaty Selecus gave four provinces of Persia under Greeks to Chandragupta Maurya. That included present day Herat, Kandahar, Balochistan and Kabul provinces. Selecus married his elder daughter Helena to Chandragupta Maurya. Chandragupta Maurya was 40 years old and Helena must have been a teenage 15-17 years old during marriage. Seleucos even sent an greek envoy Megasthanes to Chandragupta court in Magadh.
Chandragupta Maurya in return gave Seleucos Nikator 500 elephants and loads of gold, diamond and precious jewellery as gifts in return. A close relationship was thus formed between Greek and Mauryan empire that lasted even in Bindusaras time. Chandragupta and Helena had a son from their union. It is said that Chandragupta Maurya fell in love with Helenas beauty and waged a war and defeated Seleucos Nikator to marry her. But there is no proof in any book.
Helena the young teenager who married Chandragupta Maurya the emperor was new to India and its customs. Initially her parents and younger brother accompanied the young bride to Pataliputra with the emperor. They were felicitated and enjoyed hospuiatlity of the emperor in Magadh palace for few weeks before returning back to Persia.
Chankya was not in favour of a foreign princess getting a major role in the court. Chandragupta had no chief wife or a chief consort after Dhurudhara’s death who occupied the position as Empress of Mauryan Empire. If a Princess was given the Empress position, this would have been mentioned in Chankya’s book or the numerous envoys or travellers who visited Magadh. For all purposes Dhurudhara was the first and last Empress or Chief Consort of Chandragupta Maurya and after her death none of his other wives had that position.
Chandragupta Maurya had many wives from royal background whom he married after becoming emperor of India. He also had many children especially sons from his numerous wives as mention by Megasthanes in his book on india. Megasthanes mentions in his book that “No one is allowed to catch fish from ponds inside palace except the Kings sons who play with the fishes and catch them”.
Once Helena arrived in India she had to learn Indian languages and customs to gel into her husbands home. Chandragupta Maurya was fond of her and even Bindusara had good relations with her. Bindusara must have been only a few years younger than Helena. Bindusara even kept good relations with Helenas brother and Greeks after becoming emperor. Helena had a son from Chandragupta according to Megasthanes but nothing is mention in details about him. Helena is said to have learned Sanskrit and Indian dance after coming to magadh.
As per historical book Sandracuttos (Chandragupta Maurya’s name in Greek literature) was smitten by Princess Helena and favoured her. Chankya was not in favour of an foreign princess getting major role in court. Chandragupta Maurya converted to Jainism at age 56 years in 289 B.C. Helena was in her early 30s when he left for Sharavanabelogola and meditated and fasted to death 2 years later.
Helena stayed with Bindusara and in later years went to Greece and lived rest of her life there. Her son Justin must have been a young kid when his father Chandragupta left to forest. Bindusara was 31 years of age when Chandragupta left to forest. Although Chandragupta had many wives and many sons, Bindusara was sole heir to throne and he did not have any contenders. The crowning of Bindusara as emperor of Magadh was peaceful and none of his siblings or step mothers opposed it.
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