Question

Zero error in vernier calliper

Answer 1

vernier scale (Vernier Caliper) is a visual aid to take an accurate measurement reading between two graduation markings on a linear scale by using mechanical interpolation; thereby increasing resolution and reducing measurement uncertainty by using Vernier acuity to reduce human estimation error.

The vernier is a subsidiary scale replacing a single measured-value pointer, and has for instance ten divisions equal in distance to nine divisions on the main scale. The interpolated reading is obtained by observing which of the vernier scale graduations is co-incident with a graduation on the main scale, which is easier to perceive than visual estimation between two points. Such an arrangement can go to higher resolution by using higher scale ratios, known as the vernier constant. A vernier may be used on circular or straight scales where a simple linear mechanism is adequate. Examples are calipers and micrometers to measure to fine tolerances, on sextants for navigation, on theodolites in surveying, and generally on scientific instruments. The Vernier principle of interpolation is also used for electronic displacement sensors such as absolute encoders to measure linear or rotational movement, as part of an electronic measuring system.

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Answer 2

Answer:

On bringing the movable jaw J, in contact with the fixed jaw J, the zero mark of the vernier scale should coincide with the zero mark of the main scale. In this position, the tenth division of the vernier callipers coincides with the ninth division of the main scale. If it is so, the vernier is said to be free from zero error. In this condition, the end of strip T also touches the end of the main scale strip.

But sometimes there is a mechanical error in the vernier caliper due to which the zero mark of the vernier scale does not coincide with the zero mark of the main scale when the two jaws J, and J, are in contact. It is then said to have zero error. In such a case, the zero error is equal to the length between the zero mark of the main scale and the zero mark of the vernier scale. It is necessary to account for this error for a correct (or true) measurement from this instrument. ns Kinds of zero error: The zero erRor is of the following two kinds :

Positive zero error, and (ii) Negative zero error.