চতুর্দশ লুই য়ের 'আমিই রাষ্ট্র' উক্তিটি বুরবোঁ রাজবংশের কোন চরিত্রকে প্রকাশ করে ।
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Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 1638 – 1 September 1715), known as Louis the Great (Louis le Grand) or the Sun King (le Roi Soleil), was King of France from 14 May 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest recorded of any monarch of a sovereign country in European history.[1][a] Louis XIV's France was emblematic of the age of absolutism in Europe.[2]
Louis XIV
Louis XIV of France.jpg
Portrait by Hyacinthe Rigaud, 1701
King of France
Reign
14 May 1643 – 1 September 1715
Coronation
7 June 1654
Reims Cathedral
Predecessor
Louis XIII
Successor
Louis XV
Regent
Anne of Austria (1643–51)
Born
5 September 1638
Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
Died
1 September 1715 (aged 76)
Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France
Burial
9 September 1715
Basilica of St Denis
Spouse
Maria Theresa of Spain
(m. 1660; died 1683)
Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon (private) (m. 1683)
Issue
among others...
Louis, Grand Dauphin
Illegitimate:
Marie Anne, Duchess of La Vallière
Louis, Count of Vermandois
Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine
Louis César, Count of Vexin
Louise Françoise, Princess of Condé
Françoise Marie, Duchess of Orléans
Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse
Full name
French: Louis Dieudonné de Bourbon
House
Bourbon
Father
Louis XIII of France
Mother
Anne of Austria
Religion
Roman Catholicism (Gallican Rite)
Signature
Louis XIV's signature
Louis began his personal rule of France in 1661, after the death of his chief minister, the Italian Cardinal Mazarin.[3] An adherent of the concept of the divine right of kings, Louis continued his predecessors' work of creating a centralised state governed from the capital. He sought to eliminate the remnants of feudalism persisting in parts of France and, by compelling many members of the nobility to inhabit his lavish Palace of Versailles, succeeded in pacifying the aristocracy, many members of which had participated in the Fronde rebellion during Louis' minority. By these means he became one of the most powerful French monarchs and consolidated a system of absolute monarchical rule in France that endured until the French Revolution. He also enforced uniformity of religion under the Gallican Catholic Church. His revocation of the Edict of Nantes abolished the rights of the Huguenot Protestant minority and subjected them to a wave of dragonnades, effectively forcing Huguenots to emigrate or convert, and virtually destroying the French Protestant community.
The Sun King surrounded himself with a variety of significant political, military, and cultural figures such as Mazarin, Colbert, Louvois, the Grand Condé, Turenne, Vauban, Boulle, Molière, Racine, Boileau, La Fontaine, Lully, Charpentier, Marais, Le Brun, Rigaud, Bossuet, Le Vau, Mansart, Charles, Claude Perrault, and Le Nôtre.
During Louis' long reign, France emerged as the leading European power, and regularly asserted its military strength. A conflict with Spain marked his entire childhood, while during his personal rule, the kingdom took part in three major continental conflicts, each against powerful foreign alliances: the Franco-Dutch War, the War of the League of Augsburg, and the War of the Spanish Succession. In addition, France also contested shorter wars such as the War of Devolution and the War of the Reunions. Warfare defined the foreign policy of Louis XIV and his personality shaped his approach. Impelled by "a mix of commerce, revenge, and pique", Louis sensed that warfare was the ideal way to enhance his glory. In peacetime he concentrated on preparing for the next war.
Answer:
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