°°° pigment storage food and complexity of thallus in kingdom plantae °°°
✌√∆ ✨EXPLAIN ✨√∆✌
Answers
Explanation:
ᴘʟᴀɴᴛᴀᴇ – ᴘʟᴀɴᴛ ᴋɪɴɢᴅᴏᴍ, ᴀʟɢᴀᴇ – ᴛʜᴀʟʟᴏᴘʜʏᴛᴇꜱ: ɢʀᴇᴇɴ ᴀʟɢᴀᴇ, ʙʀᴏᴡɴ ᴀʟɢᴀᴇ, ʀᴇᴅ ᴀʟɢᴀᴇ, ᴜꜱᴇꜱ ᴏꜰ ᴀʟɢᴀᴇ, ʙʀʏᴏᴘʜʏᴛᴇꜱ, ᴘᴛᴇʀɪᴅᴏᴘʜʏᴛᴇꜱ, ᴄʀʏᴘᴛᴏɢᴀᴍᴀᴇ.
ᴄʟᴀꜱꜱɪꜰɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀᴍᴏɴɢ ᴘʟᴀɴᴛꜱ ᴅᴇᴘᴇɴᴅꜱ ᴏɴ
ᴡʜᴇᴛʜᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʟᴀɴᴛ ʙᴏᴅʏ ʜᴀꜱ ᴡᴇʟʟ ᴅɪꜰꜰᴇʀᴇɴᴛɪᴀᴛᴇᴅ, ᴅɪꜱᴛɪɴᴄᴛ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏɴᴇɴᴛꜱ,
ᴡʜᴇᴛʜᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅɪꜰꜰᴇʀᴇɴᴛɪᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴘʟᴀɴᴛ ʙᴏᴅʏ ʜᴀꜱ ꜱᴘᴇᴄɪᴀʟ ᴛɪꜱꜱᴜᴇꜱ ꜰᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʀᴀɴꜱᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴏꜰ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ ᴀɴᴅ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ꜱᴜʙꜱᴛᴀɴᴄᴇꜱ ᴡɪᴛʜɪɴ ɪᴛ,
ᴀʙɪʟɪᴛʏ ᴛᴏ ʙᴇᴀʀ ꜱᴇᴇᴅꜱ, ᴀɴᴅ
ᴡʜᴇᴛʜᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴇᴇᴅꜱ ᴀʀᴇ ᴇɴᴄʟᴏꜱᴇᴅ ᴡɪᴛʜɪɴ ꜰʀᴜɪᴛꜱ.
ᴘʜʏʟᴏɢᴇɴᴇᴛɪᴄ ᴄʟᴀꜱꜱɪꜰɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ [ᴇᴠᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴᴀʀʏ ʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴꜱʜɪᴘꜱ], ᴄʏᴛᴏᴛᴀxᴏɴᴏᴍʏ [ᴄʏᴛᴏʟᴏɢɪᴄᴀʟ ɪɴꜰᴏʀᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ʟɪᴋᴇ ᴄʜʀᴏᴍᴏꜱᴏᴍᴇ ɴᴜᴍʙᴇʀ, ꜱᴛʀᴜᴄᴛᴜʀᴇ, ʙᴇʜᴀᴠɪᴏʀ] ᴀɴᴅ ᴄʜᴇᴍᴏᴛᴀxᴏɴᴏᴍʏ [ᴄʜᴇᴍɪᴄᴀʟ ᴄᴏɴꜱᴛɪᴛᴜᴇɴᴛꜱ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʟᴀɴᴛ], ᴀʀᴇ ᴜꜱᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴛᴀxᴏɴᴏᴍɪꜱᴛꜱ ꜰᴏʀ ᴄʟᴀꜱꜱɪꜰʏɪɴɢ ᴘʟᴀɴᴛꜱ.
ᴘʟᴀɴᴛꜱ ᴀʀᴇ ᴍᴜʟᴛɪᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴀʀ ᴇᴜᴋᴀʀʏᴏᴛᴇꜱ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴡᴀʟʟꜱ ᴍᴀɪɴʟʏ ᴍᴀᴅᴇ ᴏꜰ ᴄᴇʟʟᴜʟᴏꜱᴇ {ᴘʟᴀɴᴛ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴠꜱ. ᴀɴɪᴍᴀʟ ᴄᴇʟʟ}.
ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴀʀᴇ ᴀᴜᴛᴏᴛʀᴏᴘʜꜱ ᴀɴᴅ ᴜꜱᴇ ᴄʜʟᴏʀᴏᴘʜʏʟʟ ꜰᴏʀ ᴘʜᴏᴛᴏꜱʏɴᴛʜᴇꜱɪꜱ. ᴀ ꜰᴇᴡ ᴍᴇᴍʙᴇʀꜱ ᴀʀᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴀʟʟʏ ʜᴇᴛᴇʀᴏᴛʀᴏᴘʜɪᴄ ꜱᴜᴄʜ ᴀꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ɪɴꜱᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴏʀᴏᴜꜱ ᴘʟᴀɴᴛꜱ ᴏʀ ᴘᴀʀᴀꜱɪᴛᴇꜱ. ʙʟᴀᴅᴅᴇʀᴡᴏʀᴛ ᴀɴᴅ ᴠᴇɴᴜꜱ ꜰʟʏ ᴛʀᴀᴘ ᴀʀᴇ ᴇxᴀᴍᴘʟᴇꜱ ᴏꜰ ɪɴꜱᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴏʀᴏᴜꜱ ᴘʟᴀɴᴛꜱ ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴜꜱᴄᴜᴛᴀ ɪꜱ ᴀ ᴘᴀʀᴀꜱɪᴛᴇ.
ᴘʟᴀɴᴛᴀᴇ ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅᴇꜱ ᴀʟɢᴀᴇ, ʙʀʏᴏᴘʜʏᴛᴇꜱ, ᴘᴛᴇʀɪᴅᴏᴘʜʏᴛᴇꜱ, ɢʏᴍɴᴏꜱᴘᴇʀᴍꜱ ᴀɴᴅ ᴀɴɢɪᴏꜱᴘᴇʀᴍꜱ.
ꜰᴜɴɢɪ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴇᴍʙᴇʀꜱ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏɴᴇʀᴀ ᴀɴᴅ ᴘʀᴏᴛɪꜱᴛᴀ ʜᴀᴠɪɴɢ ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴡᴀʟʟꜱ ʜᴀᴠᴇ ɴᴏᴡ ʙᴇᴇɴ ᴇxᴄʟᴜᴅᴇᴅ ꜰʀᴏᴍ ᴘʟᴀɴᴛᴀᴇ. ꜱᴏ, ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʏᴀɴᴏʙᴀᴄᴛᴇʀɪᴀ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴀʀᴇ ᴀʟꜱᴏ ʀᴇꜰᴇʀʀᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀꜱ ʙʟᴜᴇ ɢʀᴇᴇɴ ᴀʟɢᴀᴇ ᴀʀᴇ ɴᴏᴛ ‘ᴀʟɢᴀᴇ’ ᴀɴʏ ᴍᴏʀᴇ..
Answer:
Classification among plants depends on
whether the plant body has well differentiated, distinct components,
whether the differentiated plant body has special tissues for the transport of water and other substances within it,
ability to bear seeds, and
whether the seeds are enclosed within fruits.
Phylogenetic classification [evolutionary relationships], cytotaxonomy [cytological information like chromosome number, structure, behavior] and chemotaxonomy [chemical constituents of the plant], are used by taxonomists for classifying plants.
Plantae - Plant Kingdom
Plant Kingdom
Plants are multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls mainly made of cellulose {Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell}.
They are autotrophs and use chlorophyll for photosynthesis. A few members are partially heterotrophic such as the insectivorous plants or parasites. Bladderwort and Venus fly trap are examples of insectivorous plants and Cuscuta is a parasite.
Plantae includes algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Fungi, and members of the Monera and Protista having cell walls have now been excluded from Plantae. So, the cyanobacteria that are also referred to as blue green algae are not ‘algae’ any more.
Algae – Thallophytes
Plants that do not have well-differentiated body design fall in this group. They are commonly called algae.
Algae are chlorophyll-bearing, simple, thalloid, autotrophic and largely aquatic (both fresh water and marine) organisms.
[Thallus == a plant body not differentiated into stem, leaves, and roots and without a vascular system, typical of algae, fungi, lichens, and some liverworts].
They occur in a variety of other habitats: moist stones, soils and wood. Some of them also occur in association with fungi (lichen) and animals (e.g., on sloth bear).
The form and size of algae is highly variable. The size ranges from the microscopic unicellular forms like Chlamydomonas, to colonial forms like Volvox and to the filamentous forms like Ulothrix and Spirogyra. A few of the marine forms such as kelps, form massive plant bodies.
The algae reproduce by vegetative, asexual and sexual methods. Vegetative reproduction is by fragmentation. Each fragment develops into a thallus.
Asexual reproduction is by the production of different types of spores, the most common being the zoospores [capable of swimming by means of a flagellum]. They are flagellated (motile) and on germination gives rise to new plants.
Sexual reproduction takes place through fusion of two gametes. These gametes can be flagellated and similar in size (as in Chlamydomonas) or non-flagellated (non-motile) but similar in size (as in Spirogyra). Such reproduction is called isogamous [Fusion of two gametes similar in size].
Fusion of two gametes dissimilar in size, as in some species of Chlamydomonas is termed as anisogamous.
Fusion between one large, non-motile (static) female gamete and a smaller, motile male gamete is termed oogamous, e.g., Volvox, Fucus. [Compare this with human sperm and ovum]
Algae Types – Thallophytes - Plantae (Custom)