Question

05. Write down the role of stomach as a temporary storage organ for food.
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Answer 1

Answer:

The stomach is a temporary storage organ for large quantities of food. It can easily hold 1.5 litres, with a maximum holding capacity of about 4 litres. Its three main compartments are called the fundus, the body and the antrum. The stomach is also an important site for mechanical and chemical breakdown of the food which enters it. Digestive juices are secreted from glands covering the entire stomach wall. When food is present, approximately every 20 seconds mixing waves combine the food with gastric juices to form chyme - a creamy, semi-fluid mass. This is gradually emptied into the small intestine through a narrowed region surrounded by a thick ring of muscle at the lower end of the stomach - the pyloric sphincter. Liquids empty from the stomach faster than solids, taking about 20 minutes. A mixed meal takes about 1.5 hours to be emptied.

The stomach is also a secretory organ. The cells and glands in its wall produce several important secretions. These include: digestive enzymes ; hormones ; hydrochloric acid ; and intrinsic factor (for vitamin B12 absorption). A sticky, alkaline mucous is also produced to protect the stomach from its own acidity.

Answer 2

• Liver is an insulin-guided organ. Its behavior changes depending on the level of the hormone insulin in the body. After eating, blood glucose level rise, which in people without diabetes triggers the pancreas to release insulin into the blood.
• Insulin is the signal for the body to absorb glucose from the blood. Most cells just use the glucose to supply them with energy. But the liver has a special job when it comes to glucose.
• When levels of glucose (and consequently glucose) are high in the blood, the liver responds to the insulin by absorbing glucose. It packages the sugar into bundles called glycogen.
• These glucose granules fill up liver cells, so the liver is like a warehouse for excess glucose. When glucose level drop, insulin production falls too.
• The storage of insulin in the blood is the signal that the liver needs to liquidate assets, sending its glucose stores back into the blood to keep the body well fed between meals and overnight.