1. Answer the following questions:
a. Explain the term "Universal Adult Franchise',
b. What is election manifesto?
c. Write a short on biosphere.
d. What are the effects of human activities on environment?
e. What do you understand by Global and Regional ecosystem?
f. Explain the key features of democracy in brief
6. How are the sources of medieval Indian history classified? Write in detail
h. Name two biographies and two autobiographies of the Medieval period.
Answers
Answer
a]Universal Adult Franchise means that the right to vote should be given to all adult citizens without the discrimination of caste, class, colour, religion or gender. It is based on equality, which is a basic principle of democracy.
b]A manifesto is a published declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party or government.A manifesto usually accepts a previously published opinion or public consensus or promotes a new idea with prescriptive notions for carrying out changes the author believes should be made. It often is political or artistic in nature, but may present an individual's life stance.
c]The biosphere, (from Greek bios = life, sphaira, sphere) is the layer of the planet Earth where life exists. This layer ranges from heights of up to ten kilometres above sea level, used by some birds in flight, to depths of the ocean such as the Puerto Rico trench, at more than 8 kilometres deep. These are the extremes; however, in general the layer of the Earth containing life is thin: the upper atmosphere has little oxygen and very low temperatures, while ocean depths greater than 1000 m are dark and cold. In fact, it has been said that the biosphere is like the peel in relation to the size of an apple.
d]Human activity is causing environmental degradation, which is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution.
e]The global ecosystem involves the entire earth as one geo-ecological unit or geo ecosystem and the regional ecosystem is related to a specific area and a spatial dimension.
f]The main features of a Democracy are as follows:
Representative Elections- Here public is allowed to elect represtatives to speak for their views and interests. Multi-party System- Democracy gives voters the opportunity to choose from a variety of political parties, represting a wide range of political opinion.
g]The sources of Medieval Indian History can be broadly categorized into primary and secondary sources. The former sources are contemporary records of the periods under study ( the original sources or evidence) and the latter are historical texts based on the primary sources.
h]Taking the Mughal period to study,
An autobiography written during this time was Babarnama, about Babar. It was written in the Chagatai Language and later translated to Persian by Abdul Rahim who was a Mughal courtier.
Akbarnama is a biography written during the Mughal period. It is about Akbar and was written by Abul Fazi, one of the nine jewels of his court.
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