1. describe the events and contributions of individuals towards development of modern manufacturing systems and its management in chronological order starting 1776.
Answers
Adam Smith was the first person who has given attention to the way of efficient production and operations management.
According to his book (The Wealth of Nations) written in 1776, the following division of labours can form a efficient operation management:
• Increased skills or skills that a person if the person doing the work in the bear again,
• Earned savings in time, because often the alternation of work from one job to another job,
• The discovery of specialized machines that only do one kind of work alone in a series of work.
Manufacturing:
It refers to the production of merchandise for consumption or sale of goods using labor, tools, machinery, methods of chemical and biological processing or formulation.
It is also referred as to connected with human activity ranging from handicraft to high tech and is most commonly applied to industrial production. This process is related to the transformation of raw materials into finished goods on either a large or a small scale.
Modern manufacturing:
Modern manufacturing includes all intermediate processes required in the production and integration of a product's components.
The manufacturing sector is closely connected with engineering and industrial designing, that’s related to the concept of modern manufacturing.
Following the industrial revolution, methods of manufacturing changed for the better.
Things such as use of smart factory is included in modern manufacturing, where integration of manufacturing automation and data exchange take place. It’s the future of modern manufacturing where factories could possibly be controlled through virtual production line, which would run systems and monitors and complete their physical processes.
Contributors to modern manufacturing:
1- Adam Smith was the first person who has given attention to the way of efficient production and operations management, in 1776.
2- Eli Whitney, best known as the inventor of the Cotton Gin, a machine designed to remove the seeds from cotton. His contribution to manufacturing had more to do with the expansive use of interchangeable parts in the 1794.
3- Fredrick Taylor, pioneered the application of engineering principles to shop management in the movement that came to be known as scientific management, this focused on the sue of labor in the production and their best utilization in cutting costs of overall production.
4- Frank and Lillian Gilbreth; husband and wife, took the ideas of time studies and promoted the concept of standardized work . They focused on eliminating the non-value added portion of work to reduce employee fatigue and improve productivity and outcome of labor force.
5- Henry Ford created the first Manufacturing Strategy of production in continuous motion. He focused on what he considered the four basic elements of manufacturing – people, machines, tooling and materials or products.
Current:
biggest changes to the factory of the future will come from technology. Computer-aided design and simulation reduces the time and cost of bringing new goods to market.
- For example, a factory run by British Sugar in Wissington, Norfolk, not only makes products from sugar beet, but uses the leftovers to produce bioethanol, animal feed and topsoil (washed from the beet).
- Large capital-intensive factories employing lots of people making complex machines, like the car plants run in Britain by Nissan and Jaguar Land Rover