Question

.1. Discuss various theories of management with special reference to scientific school of management.

Which theory is better in terms of feasibility and pragmatism? Justify by illustrating live examples from

the current business situations.​

Answer 1

Management theories are the set of general rules that guide the managers to manage an organization.Theories are an explanation to assist employees to effectively relate to the business goals and implement effective means to achieve the same. GeneralManagement Theories: There are four generalmanagement theories.

Answer 2

$<b>$There are various theories of management. Each theory has attempted to explain the concept of management from different aspect. Some of the theories are :

1.  Scientific management theory : The theory was developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor. His contribution can be studied under the following categories ;

a. Time and Motion study : In this technique the employee productivity standards were defined. After that the tasks performed by the employees were observed to determine and eliminate the waste motions.

b.  Differential Piece Rate Plan : Under this, the workers have different capabilities to perform work and must be paid accordingly.

c.  Supervision : Performance of workers should be supervised and work should be specialized.

d.  Scientific Recruitment and Training : Workers should be trained so that their skills are developed and would perform better.

2.  Administrative Management Theory : The theory was developed by Henri Fayol. The laid down 14 principles of management which act as a guide for developing management practices.

The 14 principles are--Division of Work, Equity, Discipline, Initiative, authority and Responsibility, Esprit de Corps, Subordination of Individual interests to general interests, Stability of Tenure, Renumeration, Unity of direction, Centralization, Scalar chain and Unity of command.

3.  Bureaucratic Theory Of Management : The theory was developed by Max Weber. His contribution can be studied includes :

a.  Management by standard rules : Organisation must be governed by a set of rules.

b.  Division of labour :  He focused on specialization for better performance.

c.  Hierarchical Organisational structure : Lower level of employees must be under the supervision of higher employees.

The Taylor's Theory of scientific Management is considered better in terms of feasibility and pragmatism. Some of live examples from the current business situation which justify the theory are :

Ford and Toyota Motor corporation--quality production and efficiency of workers.

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