.1. Discuss various theories of management with special reference to scientific school of management. Which theory is better in terms of feasibility and pragmatism? Justify by illustrating live examples from the current business situations.
Answers
Answer: Hey mate here is your answer
Explanation:
Management theories are a set of general rules which guide the managers in
the management of an organization. There are four general management theories.
They are:
1. Frederick Taylor - Theory of Scientific Management
This theory aims at improving economic efficiency, especially the
productivity of labour. According to it money motivates people to work. So a
worker should get a fair day's pay for a fair day's work. Frederick Taylor
introduced the Differential Piece Rate system for paying wages to the workers.
Differential Piece Rate plan - Workers should be paid 120% of the Normal
Piece Rate if the Efficiency is greater than the defined Standard. They should
be paid 80% of the Normal Piece Rate if the Efficiency is less than the
Standard.
Principles of Scientific Management
i. Study of time and motion - Study the way in which the work is done and
find new ways of performing work.
ii. Teach the improved methods of doing work to the workers. Codify the
improved new methods into rules.
iii. Harmonize the interests of the employer and the employees. Foster a
mutual understanding between them.
iv. Set up fair levels of performance. Pay a premium for better
performance.2. Henri Fayol - Administrative Management Theory
Henri Fayol is known as the Father of Management. He laid down 14
principles of management. They are:
i. Division of work ii. Equity iii. Discipline iv. Initiative v. Authority and responsibility vi. Esprit De Corps vii. Subordination of individual interest to
general interest viii. Stability of
tenure ix. Remuneration x. Unity of direction xi. Centralization xii. Scalar chain xiii. Unity of command
3. Max Weber - Bureaucratic Theory of Management
He made a distinction between authority and power. According to him
individuals obey the regulations because
of the force or threat of force exerted by power. In an organization there are
three types of power:
i. Traditional power ii. Charismatic
power iii. Bureaucratic power or legal
power
Features of bureaucracy:
a. Division of labor b. Formal
hierarchical structure c. Selection
based on technical expertise d.
Management by rules e. Written
documents f. Only legal power is
important g. Formal and impersonal
relations
4. Elton Mayo - Behavioral Theory of Management (Hawthorne Effect)
His experiments showed that worker productivity increased by the
psychological stimulus of being involved, made to feel important and singled
out. According to the Hawthorne Effect employees respond positively to novel
changes in the work environment like relocating workstations, clean work
stations and better illumination. Employees are more productive when they know