Question

1). Distinguish between the federation of coming together type and holding together type
2). Describe the constitutional steps taken in 1992 towards decentralisation in india.
3). Explain the provision of the constitutional amendment in 1992 that strengthened the third tier of govt in india

Answer 1

1.





2.5 CONSTITUTIONal steps where taken in 1992 are:-
1.it is constitutionally mandoratory to holf regular elections on time
2.1/3 rd of the seats are reserved for the women in all sections
3.there are reservations for st/sc and obcs
4.there was a election commission formed to conduct elections in villages for panchyati raj and municipal corporation for urban areas
5. after the decentralisation of 1992 the funds are aslo given to the third tier of government and transferring of funds varies from state to state





3.The Constitution was amended in 1992 to make the third tier of democracy more powerful and effective.

(i) Now it is mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies.

(ii) Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutions for SC, ST and OBC's.

(iii) At least 1/3rd of all positions and seats are reserved for women.

(iv) An independent institution called state Election Commission has been created in each state to conduct panchayat and municipal elections.

(v) The State Governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies. The nature of sharing varies from state to state.


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