1. Explain the meaning of Social Group.
2. Give any four features of pastoralism.
3. Give the early history of pastoralism.
4. Write a note on the pastoralists way of life.
Answers
Answer:
Pastoralism is characterized by extensive land use. Animals are moved to pasture; fodder is not brought to them. Generally speaking, pastoralists live in extended families in order to have enough people to take care of all of the duties associated with animal care and other domestic duties.
Explanation:
Answer:
Q. 1
Ans= A social group consists of two or more people who regularly interact on the basis of mutual expectations and who share a common identity. It is easy to see from this definition that we all belong to many types of social groups: our families, our different friendship groups, the sociology class and other courses we attend, our workplaces, the clubs and organizations to which we belong, and so forth. Except in rare cases, it is difficult to imagine any of us living totally alone. Even people who live by themselves still interact with family members, coworkers, and friends and to this extent still have several group memberships.
Q. 2
Ans=The key features of pastoralism are :
(1) Pastoralism is concerned with the raising of livestock for various purposes.
(2) Pastoralists are usually nomadic people who move from one place to another in search of good pastures.
(3) Apart from grazing their cows pastoralists also practise agriculture or some petty work.
(4) Animals are moved to pasture; fodder is not brought to them. Generally speaking, pastoralists live in extended families in order to have enough people to take care of all of the duties associated with animal care and other domestic duties.
Q. 3
Ans= Pastoralism probably originated in early Neolithic times, when, in areas not suited to arable farming, some hunter-gatherer groups took to supplementing their traditional way of life with keeping domesticated cattle, sheep and goats.
Q. 4
Ans= Pastoralism is unpopular with most governments. It is widely regarded as environmentally destructive and even economically irrational. Yet most of the popular allegations against pastoralism are unfounded. In most of the areas in which it is practiced it is the only way to survive in marginal, semi‐arid environments, and the majority of pastoralists have a deep respect and knowledge of their environment. The tragedy of pastoralism today derives from a misunderstanding of the position and motivation of pastoralists who, often in extreme circumstances, are trying to come to terms with a rapidly changing political, economic and natural environment. The only sensible pastoral development strategy in this context is to provide a facilitating environment for pastoralists, where they can be supported in the particular range of activities which they know best. Any more traditional, prescriptive ‘range management’ approach is likely to fail.