1. Explain the process of election for The
President of India.
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Answers
Answer:
STEP 1: Nomination
Each candidate considering a run for the President of India's office were supposed to file their nominations by June 28. The candidates were also required to fork over Rs 15,000 as deposit and submit a signed list of 50 proposers and 50 seconders. The proposers and seconders can be any of the 4,896 electors eligible to vote in the Presidential election 2017.
An elector can only propose or second one candidate's name. This rule of getting electors to propose and second a person's candidature was adopted in 1974 after the Election Commission realised that in the 1952, 1957, 1962, 1967 and 1969 (an early election after 3rd President of India Zakir Husain's death in office) polls, several candidates submitted their names even though they did not have "even a remote chance of getting elected."
This part of the process of electing the next President of India is over - both Ram Nath Kovind and Meira Kumar have filed their respective nominations.
STEP 2: Voting
Only July 17, all elected MLAs, in their respective state and union territory capitals, and all elected MPs, at Parliament, will be given ballot papers (green coloured for MPs and pink coloured for MLAs) to cast their vote. They will also be given special pens, which is the only instrument they can use to record their votes.
Each ballot paper will contain the name of all candidates who are contesting the Presidential election. The electors will proceed to indicate their preference for each candidate - marking '1' for the candidate they most prefer as President, '2' for the candidate who is their second preference, and so on.
STEP 3: Segregating ballot papers
On July 20, the Returning Office Anoop Mishra will verify all ballots and begin the counting process using the ballots that are valid.
The ballot papers will be taken up state-wise and allotted to each candidate's tray depending on whose name appears as the first preference. For example, if an MLA from Uttar Pradesh marks Ram Nath Kovind as his/her first preference that MLA's ballot paper will go to Kovind's tray.
Then the ballots papers of the Members of Parliament are similarly distributed. For example, all ballot papers of MPs who mark Meira Kumar as their first preference will go to Kumar's tray.
STEP 4: Counting votes
The total number of votes that a Presidential candidate garners is calculated by adding up the value of all the ballots in which a particular candidate receives a first preference.
STEP 5: Deciding the winner
The winner of the Presidential election is not the person who gets the most number of votes, but the person who gets more votes than a certain quota.
The quota is decided by adding up the votes polled for each candidate, dividing the sum by 2 and adding '1' to the quotient.
The candidate who polls more votes than the quote is the winner. In case, no one gets more votes than the quota, then the candidate with the lowest number of votes is eliminated.