Question

1.Explain the term: Doctrine of lapse. Name the two states annexed by the British using the Doctrine of lapse.
2.What was NAaa Sahib's main grievance against the British?
3.Why did Rani Laxmi Bai become a bitter enemy of the British?
4.Which announcement of Lord canning adversely affected the Mughal dynasty in India?
5.Under what pretext was Awadh annexed to the company's dominions?
6.Mention any two consequences of the annexation of Awadh?

Answer 1

The doctrine of lapse was an annexation policy purportedly devised by Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor General for the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856. According to the doctrine, any princely state or territory under the direct influence (paramountacy) of the British East India Company (the dominant imperial power in the subcontinent), as a vassal state under the British subsidiary system, would automatically be annexed if the ruler was either "manifestly incompetent or died without a male heir".[1] The latter supplanted the long-established right of an Indian sovereign without an heir to choose a successor.[citation needed] In addition, the British decided whether potential rulers were competent enough. The doctrine and its application were widely regarded by many Indians as illegitimate.


2.Nana Sahib had a grievance against the British government because they refused to continue to him the pension of eight lakhs of rupees (8o,000) which was promised to Baji Rao by Sir John Malcolm on his surrender in 1818. This pension, however, was only intended to be a life grant to Baji Rao himself. For this refusal the Nana bore the British a lifelong grudge, which he washed out in the blood of women and children in the massacres at Cawnpore

3.When the ruler of Jhansi died in 1853 leaving no natural heir, the widowed Rani was pensioned and their adopted son Ananda Rao was not recognized as a lawful successor of the throne, so Laxmi Bai became bitter enemy of the British.

4.In 1856b Lord Canning announced that after the death of Bahadur Shah his successors would not be allowed to use the imperial titles and dignities with their names, this announcement affected adversely the Mughal Dynasty in India.

5.The annexation of Awadh was arbitary as the British seemed to have broken their promises made to the ruling chiefs. This caused resentment among the Indian soldiers in the British army.

The dissolution of the Nawab of the Awadh’s army and administration threw thousands of noble officials and soldiers out of jobs.

The British confiscated the estates of the taluqdars or the zamindars. The dispossessed taluqdars became the opponents of the British rule.

6.State of the consequences of the disbanding of the armies of the annexed states by the British.

A. When the native states were annexed to the British dominion thousands of soldiers and officials in administrative military and judicial posts became unemployed because British policies excluded Indians from high posts. All these people became bitter enemies of the British rule inIndia.

Answer 2

Answer:

1. doctrine of lapse - according to the doctorine if a ruler died without an heir to succeed him, his adopted son could neither inherit the thre nor the title. In such case the state will be annexed by the British empire of India

three states annexed by the british by using Doctorine of lapse were

• SATARA
• JHANSI
• NAGPUR

2. Nana sahib was the adopted son of peshwa baji rao II.

During the time of 1857, Lord Dalhousie started a policy known as Doctorine of lapse. and according to this doctorine if a ruler died without an heir to succeed him, his adopted son could neither inherit the throne nor the title. In such case the state will be annexed by the British empire of India. And as Nana sahib was the adopted son of peshwa baji rao II. So, he was not acknowledged as the rightful heir to the throne

3. Rani laxmibai become a bitter enimies of the British when she was not allowed to adopt an heir to the throne of jhansi.

4. In 1856 LORD CANNIN announced that after the death of BAHADUR SHAH, his successir would not be allowed attach imperial title and dignities to their name. which adversely affect the Mughal dynasty in India.

5. The Britush annexed oudh under the pretext that the state of oudh was not governed properly.

6.The consequence of the annexation of oudh

• led to unemployment of many NOBELS, OFFICERS and SOILDIERS.

EXPLANATION :

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