1. For what purpose was the surplus stored by the peasants during 600 BCE? (2/3)
2. With examples prove that the society during 600 BCE was becoming rigid and hereditary.
3. Why did the rulers of the mahajanapadas introduced taxation?
Or.
Why was a system of organised taxation important during 600 BCE? (2/3)
4. New techniques of farming became popular during Later Vedic period. What were they? (4/5)
Or.
Why did new techniques and tools of farming become popular in the Later Vedic period? (4/5)
5. What factors led to the growth of trade in Later Vedic period? How was it carried out? (4/5)
6. What is referred to as second urbanization?
7. Name 3/4 taxes of the mahajanapadas were practiced?
8. What do you mean by surplus?
9. What were called Shrenis?
10. Name two important seaports were used to send goods to west-Asia.
11. What are called Sad-bhaga, Bali and Vishti?
12. Write a short note on the Later Vedic Society. ( at least 5 points)
Answers
1.The Han economy was defined by significant population growth, increasing urbanization, unprecedented growth of industry and trade, and government experimentation with nationalization. Another large component of the government is that it was run by influential families who had the most money
3.the rulers of mahajanapadas introduced taxation because they wanted to build forts and buildings in order to protect their people. They didn't have enough money to do so. That is the reason why they started collecting taxes as they were not able to continue with their work with the money they got as gifts. know
5. The transition of Vedic society from semi-nomadic life to settled agriculture in the later Vedic age led to an increase in trade and competition for resources. Agriculture dominated the economic activity along the Ganges valley during this period.
6.The Central Ganges Plain, where Magadha gained prominence, forming the base of the Mauryan Empire, was a distinct cultural area, with new states arising after 500 BCE during the so-called “Second urbanization”.
8.A surplus describes the amount of an asset or resource that exceeds the portion that's actively utilized. A surplus can refer to a host of different items, including income, profits, capital, and goods.
9.Shrenis were associations of crafts persons and merchants. The shrine's of crafts persons performed various functions. They provided training, procured raw material and distributed the finished product.
11.Bali - Religious tax voluntarily paid by people. Bhaga - Tax on agricultural land. The term Vashti referred to Forced labour
12.Later Vedic life
The Early Vedic society was tribal and basically egalitarian. Clean and kinship relations formed the basis of the society and family was the basic social unit. The later Vedic society came to be divided into four varnas called the brahmanas, rajanyas or kshatriyas, vaishyds and shudras.
Answer:
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When light reaches an object, it can travel through the object if the object is transparent. ... Shadows are produced when light hits an opaque object which prevents the light beams from passing through. When an object blocks the light's path, then darkness appears on the other side. This darkness is called a shadow.