1. Give three examples where an average is used for comparing situations. 2. Why do you think average income is an important criterion for development? Explain. 3. Besides size of per capita income, what other property of income is important in comparing two or more societies? 4. Suppose records show that the average income in a country has been increasing over a period of time. From this, can we conclude that all sections of the economy have become better? Illustrate your answer with an example. 5. From the text, find out the per capita income level of low-income countries as per World Development Reports. 6. Write a paragraph on your notion of what should India do, or achieve, to become a developed country.
Answers
1. Height of students in a class with a large number of students, income of people of a state, forest cover in a country, etc. are some examples where averages are used for comparing situations.
2. It is an important criterion because it tells us what an average person is likely to earn and also gives some idea about the rising standard of living. Prosperity of a country depends not only on its national income but also on the number of people who would share it.
3. So apart from size of per capita income, equitable distribution of income is important in comparing two or more societies.
4. Increase in average income cannot be a guarantee of overall progress of the economy.
5. In World Development Report 2006, brought out by the World Bank, this criterion is used in classifying countries. Countries with per capita income of Rs 4,53,000 per annum and above in 2004, are called rich countries and those with per capita income of Rs 37,000 or less are called low-income countries.
6.There are several factors in which we have to work on, some of these are: Lack of proper healthcare, drinking water, sanitation and nutrition especially in rural areas. India needs to develop facilities to improve on these parameters so that it can become a developed nation.
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