Question

1. How are nature, technology and institution interdependent on each other?
2. What are the measures taken to control land degradation in different regions of India?
3. What is soil? Why is it referred to as a living system?
4. Why resource planning is important in country like India? Explain by giving examples.
5. What is soil erosion? How does running water led soil erosion?
6. Give reason for states having-More than 80% & Less than 10% of their total area under
Net Sown Area.
7. What is resource planning? What are its different stages?
8. Explain giving examples that resources are a function of human activities.
9. Name the factors that influence land use pattern in a country?

Answer 1

Answer:

1. Human beings interact with nature through technology to create institutions to accelerate their economic development. thus nature,technology and institutions are interdependent on each other.
2. Strip farming , Crop rotation , Ridge and furrow formation , Construction of dams and contour farming are the measures taken to control land degradation in different regions of India.
3. Soils are complex mixtures of minerals, water, air, organic matter, and countless organisms that are the decaying remains of once-living things.  Soil is a living system because it comprises of living organisms such as plants and animals. Presence of organic substances indicates the robustness of the soil. Generally five factors determine the quality.
4. Resource planning refers to the strategy for plant and judicious utilisation of resources. it is essential for India as there is enormous diversity in the availability of resources. Example:- cold desert of lading has rich cultural heritage but is deficient in water and some strategic material.
5. The active wearing away of soil due to natural agents like flowing water or wind is called soil erosion. Running water washes away the topsoil and causes soil erosion, thus making the land infertile.
6. States which have over 80% net sown area are Haryana and Punjab. These states have come under the influence of the green revolution and it has undoubtedly benefitted them manifold. They can bring large areas under cultivation. And thus they have a very high net sown area. On the other hand, states like Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Mizoram have less than 10% area under net sown area as it is mostly covered by hilly terrain and dense jungles so they cannot put to the land area under cultivation very easily and thus causing very less cultivation.
7. Resource planning comprises three stages: (i) Preparation of inventory of resources. (ii) Evaluation in terms of availability for development. (iii) Planning for exploitation of resources. The first stage includes surveying, mapping and measurement of characteristics and properties of resources.
8. Natural resources are present everywhere but their value comes to fore when they are used by the people. Human beings interact with nature through technology to creat institutions.  For example, the minerals of Chota Nagpur Plateau became useful after the iron and steel industry was established in this region. The river Damodar was initially termed as the 'sorrow of Bengal', but after the river was harnessed by Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), the water of this river began to be considered as a resource.
9. Land use pattern reflects the usage of land for purposes like forests, for cultivation which is shown in net sown areas, area that is uncultivated, it also includes fallow land, land not available for cultivation. Land use pattern basically explains the physical characteristics land the purpose for which it is being used. 

Land use is determined by the following factors:

• Physical factors- Topography, relief features, climatic conditions, type of soil determines the land use pattern of a particular region.

•  Human factors- Factors like population density , level of development, technological capability also determines the land use pattern. For instance, land is used for non agricultural activities like  construction of buildings, for human settlement.

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Explanation: