1. How is the chemical symbol of an element determined?
2. What are atoms composed of?
3. Are electrons, protons, or neutrons the smallest particles? If not, what are?
4. How many types of quarks are there and what is the name of one of them?
5. Why do scientists use models to study atoms?
6. Why has the atomic model changed over time?
7. Why is the current atomic model called the “Electron Cloud Model”?
Answers
1.The number of protons defines what element it is and also determines the chemical behavior of the element. ... Atomic symbol: The atomic symbol (or element symbol) is an abbreviation chosen to represent an element ("C" for carbon, "H" for hydrogen and "O" for oxygen, etc.).
2.An atom itself is made up of three tiny kinds of particles called subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The protons and the neutrons make up the center of the atom called the nucleus and the electrons fly around above the nucleus in a small cloud.
3.Electrons are one of three main types of particles that make up atoms. The other two types are protons and neutrons. Unlike protons and neutrons, which consist of smaller, simpler particles, electrons are fundamental particles that do not consist of smaller particles.
4.There are six types, known as flavors, of quarks: up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top. Up and down quarks have the lowest masses of all quarks. The heavier quarks rapidly change into up and down quarks through a process of particle decay: the transformation from a higher mass state to a lower mass state.
5.Atoms are too small to be seen even with a microscope. Hence, in order to study how atoms are arranged in a substance, scientists use models to represent them. To show how atoms are arranged in substances, scientists use ball-and-stick models.Scientists use models to explain the properties of different substances
6.Bohr's model (1913)
Niels Bohr improved Rutherford's model. Using mathematical ideas, he showed that electrons occupy shells or energy levels around the nucleus. The Dalton model has changed over time because of the discovery of subatomic particles .
7.The modern model is also commonly called the electron cloud model. That's because each orbital around the nucleus of the atom resembles a fuzzy cloud around the nucleus, like the ones shown in the Figure below for a helium atom. The densest area of the cloud is where the electrons have the greatest chances of being.
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Answer: 1) The chemical symbol for an element is fixed by the capital word followed by a subsidiary letter( if needed) from the English language according to it's pronunciation
2) Protons,neutrons and electrons
3)They are not the smallest particles. The smallest particle groups would be quarck,lepton and boson
4) There are 6 types of quarck and up quarck is one of them
5) To understand the probable phenomenons of an atom
6) To describe the particles and their characters more accurately inside an atom
7)Because according to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle,the position of an electon can't be determined at any time period.So it is usually assumed that the electron remains within a certain area which is known as electron cloud.
Explanation:
Explanations have been given already in the upper section.