Question

1: In poem 'Mother to Son', Hughes repeats some lines.
hat function does it serve in poem? Explain.​

Answer 1

The mother begins, in line 2, by proclaiming: “Life for me ain't been no crystal stair.” The line repeats at the end of the poem, in line 20, and thus serves as a kind of refrain: it frames the poem, offering critical context for understanding the speaker's advice.

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