1. Investigatory project on types of circuit(series/parallel) with real life examples highlighting the heating effect of current. i will mark brainliest
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Physics > Electricity > Heating Effects of Electric Current and Its Applications
Electricity
Heating Effects of Electric Current and Its Applications
Before we go to school or to attend any function, we ensure that our clothes are crisp and not crimped. And for this, we use an iron to straighten out those clothes. Why do we only use an iron? What’s the mechanism behind the working of an iron? And why is an iron always hot? Well, this iron is the most basic example of heating effects of electric current in our everyday life. There are many such other devices that work on the heating effects of electric current. Let us study them below.
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What are the heating effects of the electric current?
When a current flows through a conductor, heat energy generates in the conductor. The heating effects of electric current depend on three factors:
The resistance of the conductor. A higher resistance produces more heat.
The time for which the current flows. The longer the time the amount of heat production is high.
Higher the current the amount of heat generation is also large.
Hence the heating effect produced by an electric current, I through a conductor of resistance, R for a time, t is given by H = I2Rt. This equation is the Joule’s equation of electrical heating. Please mark the answer as the branliest
Explanation:
It used to be that if you had a string of holiday lights and one bulb went out, the whole string no longer worked. This was because the lights were set up in a series circuit. Recently, companies have started producing lights and other electronics that are set up in parallel circuits. A parallel circuit is a closed circuit in which the current divides into two or more paths before recombining to complete the circuit. Circuits carry electric current when they are in a closed-loop, and can act differently depending on the physical set up of the circuit. Current, which is the flow of electrons in a circuit, can be carried through wires, barriers, and any functional pieces of circuits, like lights.
In a series circuit, the parts of the circuit are in a row, one after the other so current flows through them. Parallel circuits are set up so that the current has an independent path to take through each piece. For some holiday lights, this means one bulb can burn out and not affect the rest of the circuit.
Materials
A 9V battery
Tape
Aluminum foil
Two identical flashlight bulbs
Procedure
Tape an 8-inch strip of aluminum foil to the positive terminal of the 9V battery. Make sure the aluminum foil is touching the metal.
Tape another 8-inch strip of aluminum foil to the negative terminal of the 9V battery.
Wrap the end of the aluminum strip attached to the positive terminal around the light bulb’s metal screw cap.
Take a 4-inch strip of aluminum foil and wrap one end around the second light bulb.
Place the bottom of the light bulb attached to the positive terminal on the loose end of the other battery’s foil strip.
Place the bottom of the second light bulb on the foil strip attached to the negative terminal.
You have created a series circuit. Take note of how brightly the bulbs shine.
Now, let’s create a parallel circuit. First, remove the light bulbs from the system.
Take two 4-inch strips of aluminum foil and fold one of each of the ends around the strip coming off the positive terminal of the battery. It should look like the rungs of a ladder, but only connected on one side.
Wrap the loose ends of the 4-inch strips around the metal screw cap of each light bulb.
Place the bottom of each of the light bulbs against the foil strip attached to the negative terminal.

Record your observations, comparing the brightness of the two circuits you created.
Results
The bulbs in a parallel circuit will be brighter than the bulbs in a series circuit.
Why?
In parallel circuits, each independent path experiences the same voltage drop. For series circuits, the voltage drop is split between the components (lights, for example) depending on their resistances. Bigger voltage drops draw a larger current, which means more electrons flow through the bulb, making it brighter.
Additional Information:
Ohm’s law is an equation that describes the relationship between voltage (electric force), current (electron flow), and resistance (the resistance of an object to passing electric current).
I = V / R
Where V is voltage, measured in volts (V), I is current, measured in amperes (A), and R is electrical resistance, measured in ohms (Ω)
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