Question

1 . Several factors led to the revolt of 1857. With reference to this explain each of the following

a. Mention any three economic factors which became the causes of the first war of independence 1857.

b. How military cause was responsible for this revolt?

c. What two socio-religious practices were banned by the British India?

d. What led to the decline of Indian crafts and industry under the British rule?

2. With reference to the national Movement

a. What are the objectives and methods of early nationalist (the moderate)? Explain.

b. What are the objectives methods of the Assertive nationalist (the radical)? Explain.

c. What are the contributions of Bal Gangadhar Tilak ?

3. With reference to the nationalism

a. Explain about the immediate objectives of Indian National Congress-1885.

b. Explain the partition of Bengal with reference to the formation of Muslim league

c. Give a shot note on Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and his contributions.

4. With reference to the Non-Cooperation movement, explain the events

a. The Rowlatt Act

b. Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy/Massacre

c. Khilafat Movement

5. The period between 1905-1919 saw as the rise of assertive nationalism in the freedom struggle. In this context:

a. Mention three prominent leaders advocating assertive nationalism. State the contribution of any one the them.

b. State the most important aim of the Assertive Nationalist / Radicals and explain how their methods were different from those of the Moderates.

c. What were the political view of Bal Gangadhar Tilak?​

Answer 1

Answer:

(a) The Indian soldiers were unhappy because of their low salary and poor prospects of promotion. All the high ranks in the army were reserved for the British only. The troops were not properly distributed. The key lace like Delhi and Allahabad had no British armies.

(b) The last Mughal Emperor was Bahadur Shah. Lord Canning announced that Bahadur Shah's successor would not be allowed to use the imperial title. Such a discourtesy to the Mughal Emperor hurt Muslim sentiments considerably. Dalhousie's refusal of pension to Nana Saheb, that adopted son of the ex-Peshwa was resented by the Hindus in general and Nana Saheb in particular.

(c) The British rulers deliberately crippled Indians art and crafts by imposing duties on Indian silk and cotton textile in Britain. On the other hand, British goods were imported into India at a nominal duty. Millions of artisans and craftsmen lost their jobs and had no alternative source of income.

Answer 2

Answer:

1) in the attachment given above

2)

a) The Early Nationalists believed in patience and conciliation rather than confrontation, adopting orderly progress and constitutional means to realise their aims. To educate the people, to arouse political consciousness, and to create powerful public opinion in favour of their demands they organised annual sessions.

b)Partition of Bengal

The protests of the people were suppressed brutally by the government which gave rise to assertive nationalism in India. The main aim of the assertive nationalists was the attainment of Swarajya or complete independence and not just dominion status in India.

c)Bal Gangadhar Tilak founded the Indian Home Rule League and served as its president and in 1916 he concluded the Lucknow Pact with Mohammed Ali Jinnah, which provided for Hindu-Muslim unity in the nationalist struggle. A coin was launched by the Government of India to commemorate his 150th birth anniversary.

3)

a)In the initial years, the aims of the Indian Natinal Congress were:

• To develop and consolidate the feelings of national unity irrespective of caste, class, religion etc.
• Greater representation of the Indians in the legislative bodies.
• To form legislative councils in the provinces which had no such political body.

b)The idea of the partition had been brought up only for administrative reasons. Therefore, Curzon planned to split Orissa and Bihar and join fifteen eastern districts of Bengal with Assam. Muslims led by the Nawab Sallimullah of Dhaka supported the partition and Hindus opposed it.

c)Sir Syed Ahmad Khan is best known for the Aligarh Movement — a systemic movement aimed at reforming the social, political and educational aspects of the Muslim community. He founded the Scientific Society in 1863 to translate major works in the sciences and modern arts into Urdu

4)

a)in the attachment given above

b)The non-cooperation movement was a reaction towards the oppressive policies of the British Indian government such as the Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar. The massacre became the most infamous event of British rule in India.

c)Non-Cooperation movement was started by Gandhi Ji in 1920 to drive the Britishers out of the country and Khilafat movement was organised under the leadership of Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali (popularly known as Ali brothers), Abul Kalam Azad, Hasrat Mohani and others to force the British government to undo the injustice .

5)

a) in the attachment given above

b)in the attachment given above

c)Bal Gangadhar Tilak looked to orthodox Hinduism and Maratha history as sources for nationalist inspiration against the British raj. While this alienated many Indian Muslims, he led the Lucknow Pact with Mohammed Ali Jinnah, which lay the groundwork for Hindu-Muslim unity.

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