1. Specify the type of chemical bond in the molecules of your variant compounds.
2. Make electronic circuits for the formation of molecules with a covalent bond. Determine the valence and oxidation States of the atoms in the molecule.
3. Draw electronic equations for the formation of compounds with an ionic bond.
Formulas for compounds
I2, HI, CrCl3, PbO, (H2O) n
Answers
Answer:
1 . )Chemical bonds are forces that hold atoms together to make compounds or molecules. Chemical bonds include covalent, polar covalent, and ionic bonds. Atoms with relatively similar electronegativities share electrons between them and are connected by covalent bonds. ... The ions then are attracted to each other
Covalent bonding includes many kinds of interactions, including σ-bonding, π-bonding, metal-to-metal bonding, agostic interactions, bent bonds, three-center two-electron bonds and three-center four-electron bonds.[2][3] The term covalent bond dates from 1939.[4] The prefix co- means jointly, associated in action, partnered to a lesser degree, etc.; thus a "co-valent bond", in essence, means that the atoms share "valence", such as is discussed in valence bond theory.
In the molecule H
2 . ) the hydrogen atoms share the two electrons via covalent bonding.[5] Covalency is greatest between atoms of similar electronegativities. Thus, covalent bonding does not necessarily require that the two atoms be of the same elements, only that they be of comparable electronegativity. Covalent bonding that entails the sharing of electrons over more than two atoms is said to be delocalized.
3. ) Ionic bonds are formed between cations and anions.
A cation is formed when a metal ion loses a valence electron while an anion is formed when a non-metal gains a valence electron. They both achieve a more stable electronic configuration through this exchange.
Ionic solids form crystalline lattices, or repeating patterns of atoms, with high melting points, and are typically soluble in water.
Key Terms
electrolyte: An ionic compound which dissolves in H2O, making the resulting solution capable of conducting electricity.
electronegativity: The tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself.
cation: A positively charged ion.
anion: A negatively charged ion.
Ionic Bonds
Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bond in which valence electrons are lost from one atom and gained by another. This exchange results in a more stable, noble gas electronic configuration for both atoms involved. An ionic bond is based on attractive electrostatic forces between two ions of opposite charge.
Cations and Anions
Ionic bonds involve a cation and an anion. The bond is formed when an atom, typically a metal, loses an electron or electrons, and becomes a positive ion, or cation. Another atom, typically a non-metal, is able to acquire the electron(s) to become a negative ion, or anion.
One example of an ionic bond is the formation of sodium fluoride, NaF, from a sodium atom and a fluorine atom. In this reaction, the sodium atom loses its single valence electron to the fluorine atom, which has just enough space to accept it. The ions produced are oppositely charged and are attracted to one another due to electrostatic forces.