1 to 20 element names
Answers
Explanation:
What is Valency?
Valency is the measure of the combiningcapacity of atoms or molecules. Therefore, it is the capacity of an atom of a single element to react and combine with particular numbers of atoms of another element.
The Concept of Valency Explained
Electrons in an atom are arranged in different orbitals (shells) represented as K, L, M, N, and so on. The electrons present in the outermost shell/orbit of an atom are called valence electrons. The valence electrons take part in any chemical reaction because the outermost orbit usually contains more energy than the electrons present in other orbits.
According to the Bohr-bury scheme, the outermost orbit of an atom will have a maximum of 8 electrons. However, if the outermost orbit is completely filled then very little to no chemical activity is observed in the particular element. Their combining capacity becomes negligible or zero.
Understand the concept of Sub-atomic Particles here in detail.
This is why noble gases are least reactive because their outermost orbit is completely filled. However, the reactivity of other elements depends upon their capacity to gain noble gas configuration. It will also help to determine the valency of an atom.
Valency
Valence Electron
Achieving Complete Octet
If the outermost shell of an atom has a total of 8 electrons then the atom is said to have attained a complete octet. An atom has to gain, lose or share a particular number of electrons from its outermost orbit to obtain complete octet. Therefore, a capacity of an atom is the total number of electrons gained, lost, or shared to complete its octet arrangement in the outermost atom. This capacity of an atom will also determine the valency of an atom.
For instance, hydrogen has 1 electron in its outermost orbit so it needs to lose 1 electron to attain stability or octet. Thus, the valency of hydrogen is 1. Similarly, magnesium has 2 electrons in its outermost orbit and it needs to lose them to attain octet and obtain stability. Therefore, the valency of magnesium is 2.
Stability is also determined by the ability of atoms to gain electrons. For instance, Fluorine has 7 electrons in its outermost orbit. It is difficult to lose 7 electrons but it is easy to gain one electron. Thus, it will gain one electron to obtain octet so the valency of fluorine is 1.
Examples of Valency
Valency of Sodium
The atomic number of sodium is 11 (Z=11). The electronic configuration of sodium can be written as 2, 8, 1. 2, 8, 1 electrons are distributed in the shells K, L, M respectively. Therefore, valence electron in sodium is 1 and it needs to lose 1 electron from the outermost orbit to attain octet. Hence, the valency of sodium is 1.
valency
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Valency of Chlorine
The atomic number of chlorine is 17 (Z=17). The electronic configuration of chlorine can be written as 2, 8, 7. 2, 8, 7 electrons are distributed in the shells K, L, M respectively. Therefore, valence electron in chlorine is 7 and it needs to gain 1 electron from the outermost orbit to attain octet. Hence, the valency of chlorine is 1.
1) The Octet Rule
If we cannot use the periodic table to determine valency then the octet rule is followed. This rule states that atoms of an element or chemicals have a tendency to obtain 8 electrons in their outermost orbit either by gaining or losing electrons in whatever form of compound it is present. An atom can have a maximum of 8 electrons in its outermost orbit. The presence of 8 electrons in the outermost shell indicates stability of an atom.
in column 17 have valency -1 such as fluorine, chlorine, and so on. All the noble gases are arranged in column 18. These elements are inert and have valency 0.
Learn about Thomson’s Atomic Model here in detail.
Difference between Valency and Oxidation Number
The Valency of First 20 Elements
Element Symbol Atomic Number Valency
Hydrogen H 1 1
Helium He 2 0
Lithium Li 3 1
Beryllium Be 4 2
Boron B 5 3
Carbon C 6 4
Nitrogen N 7 3
Oxygen O 8 2
Fluorine F 9 1
Neon Ne 10 0
Sodium Na 11 1
Magnesium Mg 12 2
Aluminum Al 13 3
Silicon Si 14 4
Phosphorus P 15 3
Sulphur S 16 2
Chlorine Cl 17 1
Argon Ar 18 0
Potassium K 19 1
Calcium Ca 20
The elements are as follows:
Explanation:
1) Hydrogen
2) Helium
3) Lithium
4) beryllium
5) boron
6) carbon
7) nitrogen
8) oxygen
9) flourine
10) neon
11) sodium
12) magnesium
13) aluminium
14) sulphur
15) phosporus
16) silicon
17) chlorine
18) Argon
19) Potassium
20) Calcium
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