Question

1. Today I, Rabindranath Tagore, complete eighty years of my life. As I look back on the vast
stretch of years that lie behind me and see in clear perspective the history of my early
development, I am struck by the change that has taken place both in my own attitude and
in the psychology of my countrymen - a change that carries within it a cause of profound
tragedy.
2.Our direct contact with the larger world of men was linked up with the contemporary history of
the English people whom we came to know in those earlier days. It was mainly through
their mighty literature that we formed our ideas with regard to these newcomers to our
Indian shores. In those days, the type of learning that was served out to us was neither plentiful nor
diverse, nor was the spirit of scientific enquiry very much in evidence. Thus, their scope being
strictly limited, the educated' of those days had recourse to English language and literature.
Their days and nights were eloquent with the stately declamations of Burke, with Macaulay's long-
rolling sentences; discussions centered upon Shakespeare's drama and Byron's poetry, and above
all upon the large-hearted liberalism of nineteenth-century English politics.
3. At the time, though tentative attempts were being made to gain our national
independence, at heart we had not lost faith in the generosity of the English race. This belief was so
firmly rooted in the sentiments of our leaders as to lead them to hope that the victor would of his
own grace pave the path of freedom for the vanquished. This belief was based upon the fact that
England at the time provided a shelter to all those who had to flee from persecution in their
own country. Political martyrs who had suffered for the honour of their people were accorded
unreserved welcome at the hands of the English.
4.I was impressed by this evidence of liberal humanity in the character of the English and thus, I
was led to set them on the pedestal of my highest respect. This generosity in their national
character had not yet been vitiated by imperialist pride. About this time, as a boy in England, I
had the opportunity of listening to the speeches of John Bright, outside parliament. The large-
hearted, radical liberalism of those speeches, overflowing all narrow national bounds, had made so
deep an impression on my mind that something of it lingers even today, even in these days of
graceless disillusionment.

(A) What helped Indians to shape their ideas of the Englishmen?
(a) their advanced weaponry (b) their literature (c) their orders (d) their administration​

Answer 1

what is this dear

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bye.....

good morning and have a nice day♥️♥️