1. What are infectious diseases?
2. State the cause of infectious diseases.
3. Differentiate between Infectious disease and Non-infectious diseases.
4. Give two examples of diseases caused by:
bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungi and worms
Answers
Answer:
Ans.1) Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; the diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another. Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases of animals that can cause disease when transmitted to humans.
Ans. 2) Bacteria: These one-cell organisms are responsible for illnesses such as strep throat, urinary tract infections and tuberculosis.
Viruses. Even smaller than bacteria, viruses cause a multitude of diseases ranging from the common cold to AIDS.
Fungi
Parasites
Ans.3) Infectious Disease : Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. These micro-organisms are contagious, meaning they can be transmitted from one person to another.
Examples of infectious diseases include the common cold, COVID-19, SARS and tuberculosis.
Non-infectious Diseases : Non-infectious diseases are not caused by pathogens and therefore cannot be spread from one person to another. Instead, non-infectious diseases are caused by factors such as genetics, malnutrition, environment and lifestyle.
Examples of non-infectious diseases include cancer, Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy.
Ans.4) Disease caused by Viruses:
Chickenpox - It is caused by Varicella-zoster virus
Small Pox - It is caused by the Variola virus
Common Cold -It is caused by Rhinovirus
AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) - It is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)Measles -It is caused by the Measles virus
Mumps -It is caused by Mumps virus
Rabies - It is caused by the Rabies virus (Rhabdoviridae family)
(Rhabdoviridae family)Dengue fever -It is caused by the Dengue virus
Viral encephalitis - It is an inflammation of the brain. It is caused by the rabies virus, Herpes simplex, polio virus, measles virus, and JC virus.
Disease caused by Bacteria:
Whooping Cough - It is caused by a bacterium called Borde tella pertussis.
Diphtheria - It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Cholera - It is caused by Vibrio cholera
Leprosy - It is caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
Pneumonia- It is caused by Streptococcus pneumonia
Tetanus - It is caused by Clostridium tetani
Typhoid - It is caused by Salmonella typhi
Tuberculosis - It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Plague - It is caused by Yersinia pestis.
Disease Caused by Protozoans:
Malaria- It is spread by Anopheles mosquitoes. The Plasmodium parasite that causes malaria is neither a virus nor a bacteria
Amoebic dysentery: It is caused by Entamoebahistolytica.
Sleeping sickness: It is caused by Trypanosomabrucei.
Kala-azar: It is caused by Leishmaniadonovani.
Disease Caused by Worms:
Tapeworm: They are intestinal parasites. It cannot live on its own. It survives within the intestine of an animal including a human
Filariasis: It is caused by a thread
Pinworm: It is caused by a small, thin, white roundworm called Enterobiusvermicularis.