1. What are the Upanishads?
2. What is the universal soul called in the Upanishads?
3. Name a learned woman of the Vedic Age.
4. Who founded Buddhism?
5. When and where was Gautama Siddhartha born?
6. List four things that the Buddha forbade.
7. Who founded Jainism?
8. According to the Jains, what is kaivalya?
9. In which language did Mahavira preach?
Answers
Answer:
1 The Upanishads are the philosophical-religious texts of Hinduism (also known as Sanatan Dharma meaning “Eternal Order” or “Eternal Path”) which develop and explain the fundamental tenets of the religion.
2.The universal soul is called as 'atman' in the upanishads.
3 Gargi, Apala, Maitreyi are some women learnt in the Vedic age.
4.Buddhism, founded in the late 6th century B.C.E. by Siddhartha Gautama (the "Buddha"), is an important religion in most of the countries of Asia.
5. Siddhartha Gautama, the Lord Buddha, was born in 623 B.C. in the famous gardens of Lumbini, which soon became a place of pilgrimage. Among the pilgrims was the Indian emperor Ashoka, who erected one of his commemorative pillars there.
6. an old man, a diseased man, a dead man and an ascetic.
7.Jainism was born in India about the same period as Buddhism. It was established by Mahavira (c. 599 - 527 BC) in about 500 B. C. He was born near Patna in what is now Bihar state.
8.Kaivalya, also known as Kevala Jnana, means omniscience in Jainism and is roughly translated as complete understanding or supreme wisdom. ... Jain scriptures speak of twelve stages through which the soul achieves this goal.
9.Prakrit
The teachings of Mahavira were in the Prakrit language and that of the Gautama Buddha in Pali. They chose the language spoken by common people in order to reach them easily without the help of a translator.