Question

1. What do you understand by macroscopic and microscopic viewpoints?
2. How the subject of thermodynamics does differ from the concept of heat transfer?
3. What is the scope of classical thermodynamics?
4. What is thermodynamic system?
5. What is the difference between a closed system and an open system?
6. An open system defined for a fixed region and a control volume is synonymous, explain?
7. Define an isolated system.
8. Distinguish between the terms “change of state’, ‘path’ and ‘process.
9. What is a thermodynamics cycle?
10. What are intensive and extensive properties?
11. What do you mean by homogeneous and heterogeneous systems?
12. Explain what you understand by thermodynamics equilibrium.
13. Explain mechanical, chemical and thermal equilibrium.
14. What is quasi-static process? What is its characteristic feature?
15. What is the concept of continuum? How will you define density and pressure using this
concept?
16. What is vacuum? How can it be measured?
17.What is pressure transducer?
18. What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics?
19. What is the Celsius temperature scale?
20. How can a closed system and its surroundings interact? What is the effect of such
interaction on the system?
21. When is work said to be done by a system?
22. What is positive and negative work interaction?
23. What is displacement work?
24. Under what condition is the work done equal to ∫ 2
1
?
25. What do you understand by path function and point function? What are exact and inexact
differentials?
26. Show that work is a path function, and not a property?
27. How does the current flowing through a resistor represent work transfer?
28. What do you understand by flow work? Is it different from displacement work?
29. Why does free expansion have zero work transfer?
30. What is heat transfer? What are its positive and negative directions?
31. What are adiabatic and diathermic walls?
32. What is an integrating factor?
33. Show that heat is a path function and not a property.
34. What is the difference between work transfer and heat transfer?
35. Does heat transfer inevitably cause a temperature rise?

Answer 1

Answer:

1:Microscopic approach considers the behaviour of every molecule by using statistical methods. In Macroscopic approach we are concerned with the gross or average effects of many molecules' infractions.

2:The science of thermodynamics deals with amount of energy transfer as a system goes from one equilibrium state to another with no reference to how long the process will take.

3:Classical thermodynamics is the description of the states of thermodynamic systems at near-equilibrium, that uses macroscopic, measurable properties

4:A thermodynamic system is a body of matter and/or radiation, confined in space by walls, with defined permeabilities, which separate it from its surroundings. 

5:An open system is defined as a “system in exchange of matter with its environment, presenting import and export, building-up and breaking-down of its material components.” Closed systems, on the other hand, are held to be isolated from their environment.

6:An open system is same as control volume for a fixed system because for analysing the problem we assume the open system as a fixed volume in which control surfaces are there, through which mass can be transferred.

7:: a physical system so far removed from other systems that it does not interact with them.

8:Path: The series of states passed through by the system during a change from one equilibrium state to another. Process: When the path followed by system during change from one equilibrium state to another is completely specified (initial and final conditions, interactions with surroundings) it is called process.

9:A thermodynamic cycle consists of a linked sequence of thermodynamic processes that involve transfer of heat and work into and out of the system, while varying pressure, temperature, and other state variables within the system, and that eventually returns the system to its initial state.

10:Physical properties of materials and systems can often be categorized as being either intensive or extensive, according to how the property changes when the size of the system changes. 

Explanation:

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