1.What was the Calico Act? Why did the British government enact it?
What happened to the weavers and spinners who lost their livelihood?
2. What caused the decline of Indian textiles?
3.
Write a note on the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO).
4. How is Wootz Steel made? What provided it a new shine and lustre
Answers
Answer:
1. In 1721 Parliament passed the Calico Act to protect English manufacturers, forbidding the use of calico in England for apparel or for domestic purposes (repeal of the act in 1774 coincided with inventions of mechanical devices that made possible English cloth production in successful competition with Eastern fabrics).
As a result many weavers from all over India were thrown out of their employment. Weavers and spinners who lost their livelihood became agricultural labourers, some migrated to cities in search of work and some migrated to Africa and South America to work on plantations.
2. Britain imposed import duties on cotton textiles, thus export market got declined. Exports of British goods to India increased. .The machine-made goods were cheaper and weavers could not compete with them. Raw cotton exports from India to Britain shot up the prices of cotton.
3. TISCO stood for Tata Iron and Steel Company and is a multinational steel making Indian company, with their headquarters in Maharashtra, founded by Jamshetji Tata. The company is called as Tata Steel Limited today. TATA steel is the second largest steel producing company in India and stands 10th in the world.
4. Wootz (steel), Steel produced by a method known in ancient India. The process involved preparation of porous iron, hammering it while hot to release slag, breaking it up and sealing it with wood chips in a clay container, and heating it until the pieces of iron absorbed carbon from the wood and melted.
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