1. Which part of the nursing process includes the
statement of the client's actual or potential
problems?
a. Assessment.
b. Implementation.
c. Nursing diagnosis.
d. Planningव्हिच पार्ट ऑफ द नर्सिंग प्रोसेस इंक्लूड द स्टेट मैन ऑफ द प्लांट एक्चुअल और पोटेंशियल प्रॉब्लम्स
Answers
Answer:
In 1958, Ida Jean Orlando started the nursing process that still guides nursing care today. Defined as a systematic approach to care using the fundamental principles of critical thinking, client-centered approaches to treatment, goal-oriented tasks, evidence-based practice (EDP) recommendations, and nursing intuition. Holistic and scientific postulates are integrated to provide the basis for compassionate, quality-based care.[1][2][3]
Function
The nursing process functions as a systematic guide to client-centered care with 5 sequential steps. These are assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
Assessment
Assessment is the first step and involves critical thinking skills and data collection; subjective and objective. Subjective data involves verbal statements from the patient or caregiver. Objective data is measurable, tangible data such as vital signs, intake and output, and height and weight.
Data may come from the patient directly or from primary caregivers who may or may not be direct relation family members. Friends can play a role in data collection. Electronic health records may populate data in and assist in assessment.
Critical thinking skills are essential to assessment, thus the need for concept-based curriculum changes.
Diagnosis
The formulation of a nursing diagnosis by employing clinical judgment assists in the planning and implementation of patient care.
The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) provides nurses with an up to date list of nursing diagnoses. A nursing diagnosis, according to NANDA, is defined as a clinical judgment about responses to actual or potential health problems on the part of the patient, family or community.
A nursing diagnosis encompasses Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and helps to prioritize and plan care based on patient-centered outcomes. In 1943, Abraham Maslow developed a hierarchy based on basic fundamental needs innate for all individuals. Basic physiological needs/goals must be met before higher needs/goals can be achieved such as self-esteem and self-actualization. Physiological and safety needs provide the basis for the implementation of nursing care and nursing interventions. Thus, they are at the base of Maslow's pyramid, laying the foundation for physical and emotional health.[4]