Question

1) why is the second ionization enthalpy of Ca is more than its first ionization enthalpy

2)why is the first ionization enthalpy of Mg higher than Al​

Answer 1

Answer:

The second ionization energy of Mg is larger than the first because it always takes more energy to remove an electron from a positively charged ion than from a neutral atom. The third ionization energy of magnesium is enormous, however, because the Mg2+ ion has a filled-shell electron configuration.

Answer 2

______________________________________

$\huge\red{\underline{{\bf A }}}$$\huge\orange{\underline{{\bf n }}}$$\huge\green{\underline{{\bf s }}}$$\huge\blue{\underline{{\bf w }}}$$\huge\purple{\underline{{\bf e }}}$$\huge\pink{\underline{{\bf r}}}$

ℚ. 1 ᴡʜʏ ɪs ᴛʜᴇ sᴇᴄᴏɴᴅ ɪᴏɴɪᴢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴇɴᴛʜᴀʟᴘʏ ᴏғ ᴄᴀ ɪs ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴛʜᴀɴ ɪᴛs ғɪʀsᴛ ɪᴏɴɪᴢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴇɴᴛʜᴀʟᴘʏ?

Ꭺ.2 ᴛʜᴇ sᴇᴄᴏɴᴅ ɪᴏɴɪᴢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴇɴᴛʜᴀʟᴘʏ ᴏғ ᴄᴀʟᴄɪᴜᴍ ɪs ʜɪɢʜᴇʀ ᴛʜᴀɴ ᴛʜᴇ ғɪʀsᴛ ɪᴏɴɪᴢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴇɴᴛʜᴀʟᴘʏ ᴀɴᴅ ʏᴇᴛ ᴄᴀʟᴄɪᴜᴍ ғᴏʀᴍs ᴄᴀᴄl2, ᴛʜɪs ɪs ʙᴇᴄᴀᴜsᴇ,ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴄᴀ2+ ᴄᴏᴍʙɪɴᴇs ᴡɪᴛʜ 2 ᴄʟ- ɪᴏɴs,ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴀᴛᴛɪᴄᴇ ᴇɴᴇʀɢʏ ʀᴇʟᴇᴀsᴇᴅ ɪs ʟᴀʀɢᴇ ᴇɴᴏᴜɢʜ ᴛᴏ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴇɴsᴀᴛᴇ ᴛʜᴇ sᴇᴄᴏɴᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ғɪʀsᴛ ɪᴏɴɪsᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴇɴᴇʀɢʏ ᴏғ ᴄᴀ.

______________________________________

ℚ. 2 ᴡʜʏ ɪs ᴛʜᴇ ғɪʀsᴛ ɪᴏɴɪᴢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴇɴᴛʜᴀʟᴘʏ ᴏғ ᴍɢ ʜɪɢʜᴇʀ ᴛʜᴀɴ ᴀʟ?

Ꭺ. 2 ᴛʜᴜs ᴍɢ ʜᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ғɪʀsᴛ ɪᴏɴɪsᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴇɴᴛʜᴀʟᴘʏ ʜɪɢʜᴇʀ ᴛʜᴀɴ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴏғ ᴀʟ ᴅᴜᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴜʟғɪʟʟᴇᴅ s-ᴏʀʙɪᴛᴀʟ ᴏғ ᴍɢ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ʀᴇǫᴜɪʀᴇs ʜɪɢʜᴇʀ ᴇɴᴇʀɢʏ ᴛᴏ ʀᴇᴍᴏᴠᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀᴏɴ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴜᴛᴇʀᴍᴏsᴛ sʜᴇʟʟ ᴀɴᴅ ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ʜᴀɴᴅ ᴀʟ ᴄᴀɴ ᴇᴀsɪʟʏ ʟᴏsᴇ ᴏɴᴇ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀᴏɴ ᴀs ᴘ-ᴏʀʙɪᴛᴀʟ ʜᴀs ᴏɴʟʏ ᴏɴᴇ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀᴏɴ.

____________________________________