Question

1. Why was the congress formed? What were the demands of the Congress in the early years?
2.Who were the Moderates? How dis they propose to struggle against British rule?
3.How was the politics of the Radicals within the Congress different from that of the Moderates?
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Answer 1

Answer:

1) Retired British Indian Civil Service (ICS) officer Allan Octavian Hume founded the Indian National Congress (A political party of India (British India to Free India)) in order to form a platform for civil and political dialogue among educated Indians.

The Congress demanded for the separation of the judiciary from the executive. The repeal of the Arms Act and the freedom of speech and expression was also a major demand of the Congress. It also demanded reduction of revenue, cut in military expenditure and more funds for irrigation.

2).The Congress leaders of this period were known as the moderates. They planned to struggle against British rule in a non-violent manner which the radicals called politics of petitions. They were aware of the power of the British rule in India.

3).The Radicals were opposed to the “politics of prayers” followed by the Moderates within the Congress. ... They argued that people must rely on their own strength, not on the “good” intentions of the government (as was the stated policy of the Moderates). They believed that people must fight for swaraj.