Question

1. Write a brief note on the various spheres of the Earth.
2. Define Plate tectonics.
3. What is a Volcano?
Mention its major components.
4. What are seismic waves and mention its types?
5. Write about the Pacific Ring of fire.​

Answer 1

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Ques. 1. Write a brief note on the various spheres of the Earth.

$\fbox\red{ 1. }$ There are four spheres of Earth.

• Lithosphere (Land) : It is the solid outer part of the earth.
• Atmosphere(Air) : It is the thin layer of gases that surrounds our Earth.
• Hydrosphere (Water) : It represents water and water bodies of Earth including oceans,seas,glaciers as well as water vapours.
• Biosphere (living things) : It represents the layer of earth where life exists.

Ques. 2. Define Plate tectonics.

$\fbox\red{ 2. }$ Tectonic plates are pieces of Earth's crust and uppermost mantle, together referred to as the lithosphere.

• These are (also called lithospheric plates) massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere.

Ques. 3. What is a Volcano?

$\fbox\red{ 3. }$ A volcano is an opening in the earth's crust through which lava, volcanic ash, and gases escape.

Ques. 4. What are seismic waves and mention its types?

$\fbox\red{ 4. }$A seismic wave is an elastic wave generated by an impulse such as an earthquake or an explosion.

The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves.

• Body waves travel through the Earth's inner layers
• Surface waves only move along the surface of the planet like ripples on water.

Ques. 5. Write about the Pacific Ring of fire.

$\fbox\red{ 5. }$ Pacific Ring of Fire is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.

• It was formed as oceanic plates slid under continental plates.
• The area encircling the Pacific Ocean is called the "Ring of Fire," because its edges mark a circle of high volcanic and seismic activity (earthquakes).