Question

*(1) Write a note on the Human Rights Protection
Act.
rotection Act was enacted​

Answer 1

Answer:

 

Human rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal  and egalitarian which are applicable to everyone and everywhere. These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in local, regional, national, and international law. The doctrine of human rights in international practice, within international law, global and regional institutions, in the policies of states and in the activities of non-governmental organizations, has been a cornerstone of public policy around the world. According to Section 2(1) (d) of Protection of Human Rights Act 1993, means the rights relating to life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the constitution or embodied in the International Covenants and enforceable by Courts of India. The recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world. There are three generations of human rights. First-generation is civil and political rights (right to life and political participation), second-generation is economic, social and cultural rights (right to subsistence) and third-generation is solidarity rights (right to peace, right to clean environment and right to development). World’s Human Rights day is being observed across the world on 10th December every year.

Historical Perspective

The Magna Carta (1215 AD) issued by King John of England was one of the earliest document on human rights.  One of the oldest records of human rights is the statute of Kalisz (1264), giving privileges to the Jewish minority in the Kingdom of Poland such as protection from discrimination and hate speech. The ancient world did not possess the concept of universal human rights. The true forerunner of human rights discourse was the concept of natural rights which appeared as part of the medieval Natural law tradition that became prominent during the Enlightenment with such philosophers as John Locke, Francis Hutcheson, and Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui, and featured prominently in the political discourse of the American  and the French Revolution. The two major revolutions occurred during the 18th century, in the United States (1776) and in France (1789), leading to the adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen respectively, both of which established certain legal rights. Additionally, the Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776 and United States Declaration of Independence, 1776 encoded into law a number of fundamental civil rights and civil freedoms. These were followed by developments in philosophy of human rights by philosophers such as Thomas Paine, John Stuart Mill and G.W.F. Hegel during the 18th and 19th centuries. The system of slavery which is violative of human rights was abolished in Britain by enacting Slavery Abolish Act 1833 and the United States all the northern states abolished the institution of slavery between 1777

Answer 2

note on the human rights protection:

1. right to equality

2. right to freedom

3. right to religion

4. social security

5. right to public assembly

6. right to democracy

7.workers right

8. freedom of expression

9.