1. Write the duration which is called age of second urbanisation.
2. What were the main features of second urbanisation period?
3. Name the term that is used for small landowners.
4. The village headman in North India was known as?
5. Name some of the major towns that were mentioned in the Pali and Sanskrit literature
6. List some differences between gandhara and Mathura school of art.
7. Also write similarities between these two School Mathura and gandhara school of art
8. Write any three difference between mahayana and hinayana.9. The Angkorvat temple is situated in which country?
10. Where is the largest Buddhist stupa situated in the world?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
1 . The first age of urbanization in India is considered to have started in the middle of the third millennium BC owing to the cultural expansion ... The period of second urbanization (6th century B.C. to 3rd century B.C.) noticed large-scale beginning of town life in the middle Gangetic basin.
2 . The characteristics of urbanization include, structured facilities, residential, employment center, communication network, infrastructural facilities, size, density of population, family, marriage, occupation, class extremes, social heterogeneity, social distance, system of interaction and mobility.
3 . owner proprietor
freeholder landholder
landlady landlord
lessor property-owner
holder property owner
4 . North Indian Village: A village of north India could be divided into following category of people: Grambhojaka: The village headman was known as the Grambhojaka. His position was hereditary in nature. So, the members of the same family held that position for many generations.
5 . Villages Administrative Division Population
1 Aaichiya Pali 1,176
2 Akeli Pali 930
3 Akrawas Pali 365
6 . The Gandhara School of Art
During the Kushana Empire’s rule, the Gandhara art prospered in India. Above all, Kanishka, the greatest of the Kushanas was a famous backer of art and architecture. The Gandhara School of art flourished in his reign. Gandhara School was profoundly influenced by Greek methodologies.
The Mathura School of Art
The Mathura School of Art was entirely influenced by Indianism. The stone used in the Mathura school of arts was red sandstone. The sculptures were less spiritual.
They mostly used the spotted red sandstone for making sculptures and statues. The initial images of the Buddha and the Bodhisattva are happy and fleshy figures with little spirituality about them. The Mathura School of arts prided themselves on creating images of Buddha and they also made statues of many gods and goddesses such as Jain Tirthankaras.
7 . IS THE PICTUTRE
8 . Mahayana literally means ‘travelers by a greater vehicle’ and Hinayana literally means ‘travelers by a lesser vehicle.’
• Mahayana accepts Lord Buddha as a deity while Hinayana Buddhism does not accept that godly attribution to Lord Buddha. They believe that Lord Buddha is an ordinary human being.
• While Hinayana tries to follow the Lord Buddha’s original teaching in the same way, Mahayana gives its own interpretation to Lord Buddha’s teachings.
• Mahayana says that everyone can become a Buddha. This is because of the fact that everyone is blessed with the Buddha-nature factor that can propel the attainment of the status of Buddha. Hinayana does not go into the details of Buddha-nature factors at all.
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9 . Angkor Wat is an enormous Buddhist temple complex located in northern Cambodia. It was originally built in the first half of the 12th century as a Hindu temple. Spread across more than 400 acres
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10 . Kesariya stupa is situated in the East Champaran district of Bihar, India. Kesariya serves as the place of the largest Buddhist Stupa in the world.
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