Question

10. j.Hiranya-garba means
11. K.Prashastis were written by​

Answer 1

Answer:

The Atharvaveda-parishishta, composed in the 1st millennium BCE, describes hiranyagarbha, besides tulapurusha and gosahasra donations.[4] These three donations are included among the sixteen great gifts in the later text Matsya Purana; the relevant section of the text appears to have been composed during 550-650 CE.[5] It states that several ancient kings performed the great gifts.[4] The Linga Purana also mentions the sixteen great donations; according to R. C. Hazara, the relevant portion of the text was composed during c. 600-1000 CE, most probably after 800 CE. The great gifts are also described in the later digests devoted to the topic of charity (dāna), such as Ballala's Dana-sagara, and the Danakhanda section of Hemadri's Chaturvarga-chintamani (13th century).[4]

The Chalukya king Pulakeshin I (c. 540-567) is known to have performed the hiranyagarbha ritual (although not mentioned as a great gift) to proclaim his sovereignty.[6] The 7th century Pandya king Jayantavarman (alias Cendan), according to one of his inscriptions, performed three of the great gifts: hiranyagarbha, gosahasra, and tulapursuha.[7]

The great gifts went on to become the principal sign of a king's beneficence, overlordship, and independence in the subsequent centuries.[8] In particular, hiranyagarbha finds a mention in multiple historical inscriptions of Indian kings, including:[9]

King Attivarman (c. 4th century) of Ananda dynasty, who is called hiranyagarbha-prasava ("born of the golden womb") in the Gorantala inscription.[9]

Damodaravarman of Ananda dynasty.[10]

Vishnukundin king Madhavarman I, who is called hiranyagarbha-prasuta ("born of the golden womb") in the Ipur and Polamuru inscriptions.[11]

Mangalesha (r. c. 592-610 CE), who is called hiranyagarbha-sambhuta ("produced from the golden womb") in the Mahakuta Pillar inscription[9]

Dantidurga (r. c. 735-756) of Rashtrakuta dynasty[10]

Yashahkarna (r. c. 1073-1123) of Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri[10]

Jaya Pala (r. c. 1075-1110)[10]