j.Hiranya-garba means
. k.Prashastis were written by
Answers
Answer:
The Atharvaveda-parishishta, composed in the 1st millennium BCE, describes hiranyagarbha, besides tulapurusha and gosahasra donations.[4] These three donations are included among the sixteen great gifts in the later text Matsya Purana; the relevant section of the text appears to have been composed during 550-650 CE.[5] It states that several ancient kings performed the great gifts.[4] The Linga Purana also mentions the sixteen great donations; according to R. C. Hazara, the relevant portion of the text was composed during c. 600-1000 CE, most probably after 800 CE. The great gifts are also described in the later digests devoted to the topic of charity (dāna), such as Ballala's Dana-sagara, and the Danakhanda section of Hemadri's Chaturvarga-chintamani (13th century).[4]
The Chalukya king Pulakeshin I (c. 540-567) is known to have performed the hiranyagarbha ritual (although not mentioned as a great gift) to proclaim his sovereignty.[6] The 7th century Pandya king Jayantavarman (alias Cendan), according to one of his inscriptions, performed three of the great gifts: hiranyagarbha, gosahasra, and tulapursuha.[7]
The great gifts went on to become the principal sign of a king's beneficence, overlordship, and independence in the subsequent centuries.[8] In particular, hiranyagarbha finds a mention in multiple historical inscriptions of Indian kings, including:[9]
King Attivarman (c. 4th century) of Ananda dynasty, who is called hiranyagarbha-prasava ("born of the golden womb") in the Gorantala inscription.[9]
Damodaravarman of Ananda dynasty.[10]
Vishnukundin king Madhavarman I, who is called hiranyagarbha-prasuta ("born of the golden womb") in the Ipur and Polamuru inscriptions.[11]
Mangalesha (r. c. 592-610 CE), who is called hiranyagarbha-sambhuta ("produced from the golden womb") in the Mahakuta Pillar inscription[9]