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10 monovalent negative ions​

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• Kerry K. Karukstis, in Handbook of Surfaces and Interfaces of Materials, 2001
• Kerry K. Karukstis, in Handbook of Surfaces and Interfaces of Materials, 20015.5.2 Fluorescence of TNS and ANS in Supramolecufar Systems
• Kerry K. Karukstis, in Handbook of Surfaces and Interfaces of Materials, 20015.5.2 Fluorescence of TNS and ANS in Supramolecufar SystemsAs a monovalent anion in aqueous systems, TNS (or ANS) is expected to fluoresce weakly in the presence of those supramolecular species with negative outer surface charges. The surface would repel the anionic probe to more aqueous regions where the quantum yield of fluorescence is low. TNS fluorescence levels would be significantly enhanced in the presence of supramolecular surfaces with a positive charge, for electrostatic repulsions would no longer repel the TNS probe. Hydrophobic interactions between TNS and the surfactant [92] would locate TNS in a more water-restricted environment and enhance the fluorescence quantum yield. The fluorescence increase would be accompanied by a blue shift in the emission λmax. In the vicinity of those aggregates with little or no net surface charge, the polycyclic aromatic TNS might also be expected to approach the hydrophobic regions and interact at the polar–nonpolar water–surfactant interface [93–97]. A blue-shifted emission wavelength would also be observed, reflecting the alteration in the microenvironment of the TNS probe.
• Kerry K. Karukstis, in Handbook of Surfaces and Interfaces of Materials, 20015.5.2 Fluorescence of TNS and ANS in Supramolecufar SystemsAs a monovalent anion in aqueous systems, TNS (or ANS) is expected to fluoresce weakly in the presence of those supramolecular species with negative outer surface charges. The surface would repel the anionic probe to more aqueous regions where the quantum yield of fluorescence is low. TNS fluorescence levels would be significantly enhanced in the presence of supramolecular surfaces with a positive charge, for electrostatic repulsions would no longer repel the TNS probe. Hydrophobic interactions between TNS and the surfactant [92] would locate TNS in a more water-restricted environment and enhance the fluorescence quantum yield. The fluorescence increase would be accompanied by a blue shift in the emission λmax. In the vicinity of those aggregates with little or no net surface charge, the polycyclic aromatic TNS might also be expected to approach the hydrophobic regions and interact at the polar–nonpolar water–surfactant interface [93–97]. A blue-shifted emission wavelength would also be observed, reflecting the alteration in the microenvironment of the TNS probe.Most applications of TNS and ANS as external probes in surfactant studies simply use a change in probe fluorescence intensity (often measured at only a single wavelength) to characterize the properties of the probe binding site. For example, the onset of micellization and the CMC for a particular surfactant are commonly determined using a TNS- or ANS-based fluorimetric approach [92], 98–100]. The variation in the quantum

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Answer 2

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