100 point........... difference between present participles and gerund.????????
Answers
A gerund is a form of a verb used as a noun, whereas a participle is a form of verb used as an adjective or as a verb in conjunction with an auxiliary verb.
Since the simple gerund and the present participle have the same form (verb-ing), sometimes it can be difficult to decide whether an -ing form is a gerund or a present participle.
It may be worth remembering that a gerund always functions as a noun:
Complement --What I really like is travelling to other countries.
Object of a verb-- Jill suggested going for a drink.
Object of a preposition-- He rushed out of the room without saying a word.
Object of a prepositional verb-- Could you give up smoking?
Part of a compound noun We had no drinking water left.
The present participle has the following functions:
Function Example sentence
Continuous aspect I wasn't listening.
What have you been doing?
You must be joking.
I happened to be passing your house.
Adjective-- The survey revealed some worrying results.
The results of the survey were/seemed worrying.
Participle clauses --The man driving the car was not injured.
Tom lost his keys (while) walking through the park.
Opening the envelope, I found two concert tickets.
Having nothing left to do, Paula went home.
Sometimes it is a matter of interpretation whether an -ing form is a gerund or a present participle:
Hunting lions can be dangerous.
Hunting as a present participle functions as an adjective and describes lions. The sentence means:
Lions that hunt can be dangerous.
If hunting is a gerund, lions is its object and the sentence means:
It can be dangerous to hunt lions.