Question

12. Explain how animals in vertebrata are classified into further subgroups

Answer 1

Answer:

Animals in Vertebrata are classified into five classes: ... These animals have a dual mode of life. In the larval stage, the respiratory organs are gills, but in the adult stage, respiration occurs through the lungs or skin. They lay eggs in water

Explanation:

Vertebrates are classified further into sub-groups on the basis of simple to complex forms of structures and their functions. Examples. Pisces, amphibia, reptilia, aves and mammals.

1. Pisces:  They are aquatic, cold blooded animals. Their heart has two chambers. Their body is covered by scales or plates. They lay eggs and perform respiration through gills. Their endoskeleton is made up of cartilage. e.g. Fishes.

2. Amphibians:  They are cold blooded animals and live in both water and land. Respiration is through gills, lungs, skin. They have three chambered heart. e.g. Frogs.

3. Reptiles: They are cold blooded animals. They have three chambered heart and they breathe through lungs. e.g. Snakes.

4. Aves: They are warm blooded animal, oviparous vertebrates covered with feathers. They have a four chambered heart and perform respiration by lungs. e.g. Birds.

5. Mammals: They are warm blooded animal with four chambered heart. They are viviparous and possess characteristics like pinna and hair on skin and canine. e.g. Humans.

Answer 2

Answer:

• vertebrates can be further classified into subgroups on the basis of simple or complex body structures and their functions.
• for example, fish have two chambered hearts, amphibians have three chambered hearts while birds and mammals have four chambered hearts to keep the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate.
• the following characteristics features are considered for classifying vertebrates into the further subgroups-
• characteristics: class
• exoskeleton of scales, endoskeleton of bone or cartilage, breathing through gills: Pisces.
• gills in larva, lungs in most adults, slimy skin: amphibia.
• exoskeleton of scales, laying eggs outside water: reptilia.
• exoskeleton of feathers, lakes outside water, flight possible: Aves.
• exoskeleton of hair, external ears, mostly giving birth to live young ones: Mammalia.

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