12. Mr.Liyaquat Ali runs a departmental store in Bhopal. He procures different types of
products from all over India through railways, roadways and airways. He also owns
a godown to hold the stock. He has also taken an insurance policy worth Rs.15 crores
for his business. Moreover he has taken a loan of Rs. 3 lakh from Axis Bank in order
to meet the short term financial needs of the business. He has placed information
about his store on the hoardings in order to popularize them.
a) Define Auxiliaries to trade
b) Identify and explain the different auxiliaries to trade that are being used by
Mr.Liyaquat Ali in his business by quoting the lines.
Answers
Answer:
The quantum realm (or quantum parameter) in physics is the scale at which quantum mechanical effects become important when studied as an isolated system.[1][2][3] Typically, this means distances of 100 nanometers (10−9 meters) or less, or at very low temperatures (extremely close to absolute zero). More precisely, it is where the action or angular momentum is quantized - described as the uncertainty principle and spin, respectively.
While originating on the nanometer scale, such effects can operate on a macro level, generating some paradoxes like in the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment. Two classical examples are quantum tunneling and the double-slit experiment. Most fundamental processes in molecular electronics, organic electronics, and organic semiconductors also originate in the quantum realm.
The quantum realm can also sometimes involve actions at long distances. A well-known example is David Bohm's (1951) version of the famous thought experiment that Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen proposed in 1935, the EPR paradox. Pairs of particles are emitted from a source in the so-called spin singlet state and rush in opposite directions. When the particles are widely separated from each other, they each encounter a measuring apparatus that can be set to measure their spin components along with various directions. Although the measurement events are distant from each other, so that no slower-than-light or light signal can travel between them in time, outcomes are nonetheless entangled.[3]
Explanation:
Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that provides a description of the physical properties of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles.[2] It is the foundation of all quantum physics including quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science.
Wavefunctions of the electron in a hydrogen atom at different energy levels. Quantum mechanics cannot predict the exact location of a particle in space, only the probability of finding it at different locations.[1] The brighter areas represent a higher probability of finding the electron.
Classical physics, the description of physics that existed before the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics, describes many aspects of nature at an ordinary (macroscopic) scale, while quantum mechanics explains the aspects of nature at small (atomic and subatomic) scales, for which classical mechanics is insufficient. Most theories in classical physics can be derived from quantum mechanics as an approximation valid at large (macroscopic) scale.[3]
Quantum mechanics differs from classical physics in that energy, momentum, angular momentum, and other quantities of a bound system are restricted to discrete values (quantization), objects have characteristics of both particles and waves (wave-particle duality), and there are limits to how accurately the value of a physical quantity can be predicted prior to its measurement, given a complete set of initial conditions (the uncertainty principle).[note 1]
Quantum mechanics arose gradually, from theories to explain observations which could not be reconciled with classical physics, such as Max Planck's solution in 1900 to the black-body radiation problem, and the correspondence between energy and frequency in Albert Einstein's 1905 paper which explained the photoelectric effect. Early quantum theory was profoundly re-conceived in the mid-1920s by Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, Max Born and others. The original interpretation of quantum mechanics is the Copenhagen interpretation, developed by Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg in Copenhagen during the 1920s. The modern theory is formulated in various specially developed mathematical formalisms. In one of them, a mathematical function, the wave function, provides information about the probability amplitude of energy, momentum, and other physical properties of a particle.