Question

12. What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem
13. Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to the structure and functuoning​

Answer 1

12. Xylem tissue helps in the transport of water and minerals. Phloem tissue helps in the transport of food. ... Transport in xylem occurs with the help of simple physical forces such as transpiration pull. Transport of food in phloem requires energy in the form of ATP.
13. Alveoli and nephron act as the structural and functional units of lungs and kidneys respectively. Alveoli occur in the respiratory system while the nephrons occur in the excretory system. The cell wall of alveoli and nephrons is thick and surrounded by blood capillaries.

Answer 2

Answer:

Hope the answer may help you

Explanation:

Difference between xylem and phloem transport of materials:-

1. Xylem tissues include tracheids, vessels, fibres and parenchyma and serve in ascent of sap/water and minerals.

1. Phloem tissues is a composed of four elements namely, sieve tube elements, companion cell, phloem fibres and phloem parenchyma and serve in translocation of organic nutrients.

2. Due to defined source and sink relationship, the movement is unidirectional.

2. The movement is multidirectional as source sink relationship keeps changing.

3. Xylem transport is not influenced by metabolic inhibitors.

3. Phloem transport is inhibited by metabolic inhibitors.

4. Xylem vessels and tracheids are main component of transport.

4. Sieve tube are main component of transport which are assisted by companion cells.

5. Major driving forces are transpiration pull and diffusion.

5. Being active transport, it uses ATP.

Alveoli and nephrons:-

1. Alveoli are pouch-like air sacs that are made

up of simple squamous epithelium.

1. Nephrons are the elongated tubules that form an anatomical and functional unit of the kidney.

2. It has a thin cell wall to facilitate gaseous exchange.

2. Each nephron has Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, a loop of the nephron, distal convoluted tubule and the collecting ducts.

3. It is surrounded by blood capillaries.

3. Blood capillaries are present as glomerulus and peritubular capillaries.

4. Presence of millions of alveoli in lungs provide ample surface area to facilitate gaseous exchange between air in alveoli and blood in capillaries. Oxygen diffuses across the alveolar and capillary wall into the bloodstream while carbon dioxide diffuses from blood across the mentioned walls into the alveoli.

4. It serves in fluid and electrolyte balance of the body through the process of urine formation. Each part performs different role in urine formation.

(The diagram of alveoli and nephron is given in the attached 2 images)