(13) Governor draws out
in emergency in state.
Answers
Answer: A state of emergency India refers to a period of governance under an altered constitutional setup that can be proclaimed by the President of India, when the consultant group perceives and warns against grave threats to the nation from internal and external sources or from financial situations of crisis. Under the advice of the cabinet of ministers and using the Constitution of India, the President can overrule many provisions of the constitution, which guarantee fundamental rights to the citizens of India and acts governing devolution of powers to the states which form the federation. In the history of independent India, a state of emergency has been declared thrice. The first instance was between 26 October 1962 to 10 January 1968 during the India-China war, when "the security of India" was declared as being "threatened by external aggression".[1] The second instance was between 3 December 1971 to 21 March 1972, which was originally proclaimed during the Indo-Pakistan war. It was later extended along with the third proclamation between 25 June 1975 to 21 March 1977 under controversial circumstances of political instability under Indira Gandhi's prime minister-ship, when emergency was declared on the basis of "internal disturbance", but this term was too vague and had a wider connotation and hence 44th amendment act 1978 substituted the words "internal disturbance" for "armed rebellion" ".[1] The phrase Emergency period used loosely, when referring to the political history of India, often refers to the third and the most controversial of the three occasions.
The President can declare three types of emergencies — national, state and financial emergency.
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