Question

13)what structures are involved in the formation of chromatin?
14)where is nucleus located in a cell?
15)what is the term used for subcellular structures having characteristic forms and functoins?
16)what is cytosal?
17)how is food vacuole formed?
18)what is the name of membrane surrounding sap vacuole of a plant cell?
19)what is the name of fluid contained in the vacuole of a plant cell?
20)what is dictyosome?

Answer 1

13)Chromatin is a complex combination of DNA and proteins (histone proteins). It is usually found dispersed in the interphase nucleus and condensed into chromosome in mitosis and meiosis.
14)The location of the nucleus can vary, depending on the type of the cell. The usual location of the nucleus is at the centre (animal cells), but it can also be at the periphery (plant cells). The reason for that is the vacuole that takes the central position in the plant cell.
15)An organelle is a subcellular structure that has a specific function. The activities of cells depends on the activities of subcellular structures within the cell (subcellular structures include organelles, the plasma membrane).
16)Cystol is a fulid part of cytoplasm. It is viscous, nearly homogenous and crystallocolloidal liquid that contains a number of substance such as water, ions,enzymes, vitamins.lipids , proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids and so on. It carries a number of metabolic reactions. Cystol is in perpetual motion
17)Food vacuoles form when thefood is pushed toward the cell where the membrane bends inward. As the food pushes against the membrane, the membrane stretches inward until the food particle is completely in the cell, where the membrane then pinches off, forming avacuole. This form of eating is called phagocytosis.
18)Tonoplast semipermeable membrane.
Tonoplast permits the exchange of solutes across it and also gases, between protoplasm and the fluid inside vacuole.
19)Cell sap is the fluid present in the vacuole. The contents of cell sap are salt, sugar and water. Water is predominantly found in cell sap. It serves as a storehouse for the plant cell to act as a storage place for excess nutrients.
A vacuole is a membrane-enclosed fluid filled sac. It is present inside the cells of plants. The name vacuole has originated from the Latin word vacuus meaning 'empty'.
20)Dictyosomes are stacks of flat, membrane-bound cavities (cisternae) that together comprise the Golgi apparatus. Within the dictyosomes, proteins are stored, modified, sorted, and packed into vesicles (which are then closed off as Golgi vesicles) for further transport.
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Answer 2

The function of chromatin is to efficiently package DNA into a small volume to fit into the nucleus of a cell and protect the DNA structure and sequence. Packaging DNA into chromatin allows for mitosis and meiosis, prevents chromosome breakage and controls gene expression and DNA replication.

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Dictyosomes are stacks of flat, membrane-bound cavities (cisternae) that together comprise the Golgi apparatus. Within the dictyosomes, proteins are stored, modified, sorted, and packed into vesicles (which are then closed off as Golgi vesicles) for further transport.